土壤中重金属测定方法探讨

采用硝酸+氢氟酸+高氯酸全分解方法消解土壤样品,并结合原子吸收分光光度法和标准加入法测定土壤中、锌、铅、镉、镍、总铬的含量.结果表明,该方法具有操作简便、快速,节省试剂,准确可靠等特点:实际土壤样品的检测结果完全能满足环境土壤样品测定的要求.     

火焰原子吸收法测定苹果中波尔多液的农药残留

通过原子吸收法测定苹果果皮、果肉上波尔多液的农药残留铜的含量,结果表明:喷洒了波尔多液的苹果果皮上铜含量明显大于果肉,在果皮上有一定的农药残留;而未喷洒波尔多液的苹果果皮和果肉中铜的含量的差异很小。     

Combined fluorescence and electrochemical investigation on the binding interaction between organic acid and human serum albumin

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a plasma protein responsible for the binding and transport of fatty acids and a variety of exogenous chemicals such as drugs and environmental pollutants. Such binding plays a crucial role in determining the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and bioavailability of the pollutants. We report investigation on the binding interaction between HSA and acetic acid (C2), octanoic acid (C8) and dodecanoic acid (C12) by the combination of site-specific fluorescent probe, tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence and tyrosine electrochemistry. Two fluorescent probes, dansylamide and dansyl-L-proline, were employed in the displacement measurement to study fatty acid interaction with the two drug-binding sites on HSA. Intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan in HSA was monitored upon addition of the fatty acids into HSA. Electrocatalyzed response of the tyrosine residues in HSA by a redox mediator was used to investigate the binding interaction. Qualitatively, observations made by the three approaches are very similar. HSA did not show any change in either fluorescence or electrochemistry after mixing with C2, suggesting there is no significant interaction with the short-chain fatty acid. For C8, the measured signal dropped in a single-exponential fashion, indicative of independent and non-cooperative binding. The calculated association constant and binding ratio is 3.1×106 L/mol and 1 with drug binding Site I, 1.1×107 L/mol and 1 with Site II, and 7.0×104 L/mol and 4 with the tryptophan site. The measurement with C12 displayed multiple phases of fluorescence change, suggesting cooperativity and allosteric effect of C12 binding. These results correlate well with those obtained by the established methods, and validate the new approach as a viable tool to study the interactions of environmental pollutants with biological molecules.     

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定水样中镍含量的不确定度评定

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法对水样中镍的含量进行测定,分析测量过程中不确定度来源及各不确定度分量对总不确定度的影响,确定测定结果的置信区间。给出本实验室测定水样中镍含量的扩展不确定度为0．062mg／L（k=2）。     

燃煤锅炉烟气氨法脱硫技术的应用

电厂燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫是减少和控制酸雨的有效手段。LS氨法喷雾脱硫技术具有脱硫效率高、环境效益好、资源综合利用的特点。以合成氨生产装置回收的低浓度氨水为吸收剂,实施锅炉烟气脱硫技术改造．取得良好的应用效果。     

火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中金属锌吸光度高的原因

通过实验发现,由于在消解过程中使用玻璃管移取氢氟酸,导致了玻璃中的锌进入了样品中,给样品的分析带来了干扰,从而导致了分析的失败.     

三元高吸油树脂的制备及其吸油性能

采用本体聚合法,以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、苯乙烯(St)和甲基丙烯酸十八酯(SMA)为单体,反应型低聚硅氧烷(OSS)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂制备了三元高吸油树脂,优化了制备条件,考察了其对不同有机溶剂的吸油性能,并对其进行了表征。实验结果表明:树脂制备的优化条件为BA,St,SMA,OSS,AIBN的质量分别占单体总质量的39.60%,39.60%,20.80%,0.21%,1.50%,于55℃下反应24 h;在该优化条件下所制备的树脂对氯仿的吸油率可达80.2 g/g;树脂对氯仿和二氯甲烷的吸油率远高于其他有机溶剂。表征结果显示,树脂形成了一定的网络结构,具有较好的耐热性、耐寒性和热稳定性。     

喷淋工艺处理PVC塑料生产废气

采用喷淋工艺处理PVC塑料生产废气,将专利的吸收液与改型的喷淋塔相结合,在中试成功的基础上进行了实际工业化应用。应用结果表明:采用该工艺处理某PVC塑料生产企业的生产废气,吸收液在喷淋塔循环液中所占体积分数为15%时,废气中各污染物指标的去除率达85%以上,对于难处理的苯系物也能较好地去除;处理后废气中各污染物指标的含量满足GB 14554—1993《恶臭污染物排放标准》和DB 44/27—2001《大气污染物排放限值》的要求;该工艺装置运行费用较低,仅为电费和少量药剂费用,吸收液可循环使用,设备保养及维护简单,可满足市场需求。     

有机肥施用对盐渍土富里酸荧光特性的影响

为探讨有机肥长期培肥盐渍土后土壤富里酸(FA)结构组成及土壤环境的变化特征,对黑龙江西北部盐渍土壤连续5 a采取不同施肥处理,设置CK(对照)和TR1(处理1,施用有机肥8 000 kg/hm2)、TR2(处理2,施用有机肥4 000 kg/hm2及化肥N 80 kg/hm2、P₂O₅ 50 kg/hm2、K₂O 35 kg/hm2)、TR3(处理3,施用化肥N 160 kg/hm2、P₂O₅ 100 kg/hm2、K₂O 70 kg/hm2) 4个处理组,分析土壤中富里酸荧光光谱特征的变化情况. 结果表明:与CK比较,TR1、TR2处理可明显增加土壤中ρ(富里酸),增幅分别为98.24%、72.16%;二维荧光参数分析显示,各处理下富里酸腐殖化程度均表现为TR1>TR2>TR3>CK;三维荧光光谱区域积分比值分析结果进一步证实,TR1、TR2处理通过增加可见区类富里酸的荧光响应比值和减少紫外区类富里酸的荧光响应比值来提高富里酸的腐殖化程度. 根据三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析结果,可将富里酸分为C1组分(生物可利用富里酸组分)、C2组分(陆生来源富里酸组分)及C3组分(类蛋白组分);施用有机肥主要增加C1组分的比例,其次为增加C2组分的比例,说明施用有机肥可提高盐渍土供肥能力,对盐渍土生态环境改善具有积极作用. 传统荧光图谱解析手段结合统计分析结果显示,施用有机肥可明显提高盐渍土富里酸含量并增加其腐殖化程度.      

SBR中联氨对亚硝化的影响

为了开发经济高效的生物脱氮工艺,研究了SBR中联氨对短程硝化反硝化的控制作用,考察了不同联氨投加量对短程硝化的影响。实验结果表明:在室温下,不控制溶解氧,p H为7.5~8.0时,投加7.5 mg/L联氨,亚硝氮积累效果最佳,其出水氨氮及亚硝氮浓度平均值分别为1.44,12.23 mg/L,均优于其他联氨投加量的监测结果;投加7.5 mg/L联氨的活性污泥中生物相种类和数量都优于未投加联氨的活性污泥,SEM图像显示活性污泥结构致密,紧凑,且菌落数量明显升高;从活性污泥的红外谱图可以看出,投加联氨与否,特征峰位置基本相同,但投加7.5 mg/L联氨的活性污泥EPS红外谱图峰强更高。