原子吸收光度法测定镉时铁的基体改进效应研究

用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定环境废水中的痕量镉时,Mn、Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、Zn等共存元素干扰严重。用100mg／L的铁作为基体改进剂可消除上述共存元素的干扰,测定结果令人满意。     

Analysis of Lead Levels in Local Jordanian and Imported Sheep Meat and Organs Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A total of two hundred and forty random samples were collected equally from mutton, liver and kidney of 40 local (Jordanian) and 40 imported Australian sheep (40 each sub sample). Fresh samples were collected from 12–18 m old sheep slaughtered in abattoirs in Jordan in 2002. Besides, 40 fresh mutton samples of imported Chinese sheep were collected from different markets. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to estimate the lead (Pb) content of the samples. Results indicated that Australian mutton had significantly higher (p < 0.05) mean of lead pollution than that of the local and Chinese muttons. The mean concentration of lead (mg/kg) in Australian, local and Chinese muttons was 4.30, 3.15 and 2.17, respectively. The mean concentration of lead in Australian sheep liver was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that recorded in the local sheep liver. The mean concentration of Pb in Australian and local sheep liver was 5.69 and 4.52 mg/kg, respectively. The mean concentrations of Pb in the kidney of the Australian and local sheep were not significantly different (p > 0.05). They were 4.59 and 3.87 mg/kg, respectively.On the basis of the samples lead level, 85, 92 and 87.5% of local, Australian and Chinese mutton respectively, exceeded the international safe permissible limit of 1.0 mg/kg. Furthermore, the effect of Pb on animal and human health was discussed.     

Microtrace Metalloids Speciation in Lakes Water Samples (Poland)

This paper presents the results of the determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium concentrations of inorganic speciation in surface water samples from Gniezno city (western Poland) and its neighborhood. The concentration of elements were up to 1.85 ng/ml for arsenic, 1.61 ng/ml for antimony and 0.45 ng/ml for selenium (detection limits: 0.04 ng/ml for As and Sb and 0.03 ng/ml for Se). A variety of concentrations for the determined elements has been obtained in waters from Gniezno city’s neighborhood and in water from down-town reservoirs which are under strong anthropogenic pressure.     

Retrieval And Monitoring of Atmospheric Trace Gas Concentrations in Nadir and Limb Geometry Using the Space-Borne Sciamachy Instrument

The Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) onboard the European Envisat spacecraft performs continuous spectral observations of reflected, scattered and transmitted sunlight in various observation geometries. A unique feature of SCIAMACHY is the capability of probing the atmosphere in three different observation geometries:The nadir, limb, and occultation measurement modes. In nadir mode, column densities of trace gases are retrieved with a spatial resolution of typically 30× 60 km using the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) technique (Platt and Perner, 1983). Alternating with the nadir measurement, vertical profiles of absorber concentration in the stratosphere are derived in limb and occultation. In this paper we present an overview over some applications of SCIAMACHY data in space-based monitoring of atmospheric pollution. The DOAS algorithms for the retrieval of total column amounts from nadir spectra are briefly described and case studies of pollution events are presented. We also illustrate the technique used to derive stratospheric concentration profiles from limb observations and show comparisons with other remote sensing systems. Special emphasis will be given to techniques, which take advantage of SCIAMACHY's different viewing geometries. In particular, we will discuss the potential and limits of strategies to infer tropospheric abundances of O₃and NO₂.     

低浓度有机废气纳米TiO2光催化处理技术

对常用有机废气净化技术进行了比较分析,以活性炭过滤网的强吸附性复合TiO2光催化剂研究为主,分析了纳米TiO2光催化处理低浓度有机废气的反应原理,叙述了几种常见负载型TiO2光催化剂的制备方法,影响TiO2光催化效率的因数及提高TiO2光催化剂的催化性能方式.     

微电解-催化氧化-吸附法处理二硝基苯废水

二硝基苯生产废水具有硝基苯类化合物浓度高,盐量高,难降解等特点.CODCr的平均质量浓度为10 g/L,含盐量达30 g/L.采用微电解-催化氧化-吸附法对该废水进行处理.结果表明:经微电解处理后硝基苯类物质的去除率可达90%以上,铁碳还原后的废水再经催化氧化和活性炭吸附后,废水的CODCr去除率达到96%,硝基苯类物质、色度的去除率接近100%,出水可达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978-1996)规定的三级排放标准,是一种效果良好的二硝基苯类废水的处理方法.     

噪声防治技术在化工装置中的研究应用

为了降低4500 Nm~3/a氢气联产10000 t/a甲醇装置的噪声及减少其对岗位员工和周边居民的影响,辽河油田公司油气工程技术处针对该装置噪声特点及其对员工的健康危害进行分析,采用吸声、隔声、缓声技术对该装置进行整治。治理后,该装置噪声值由97 dB(A)降至80 dB(A),符合GB Z1-2002《工业企业设计卫生标准》;同时,厂界噪声值低于65 dB(A),符合GB 12348-90《工业企业厂界噪声标准》第四类要求。     

介绍一种原子吸收光谱法空心阴极灯的替代用法

用原子吸收光谱法测定Mn、Zn、Cu金属元素的常规监测中,需频繁更换Mn灯、Zn灯和Cu灯等空心阴极灯,耗时费力,增加了时间成本。文章介绍了一种新方法,用Mn灯、Zn灯两种空心阴极灯可作为Cu灯空心阴极灯使用。在实际操作中减少了更换灯的频次和预热次数,使测试工作变得经济而省时,降低了监测成本,提高了工作效率,是一项值得推广的方法改进。     

OI~2-WFGD-Ⅱ烟气脱硫技术介绍

简要介绍了江苏苏源环保工程有限公司开发的OI^2-WFGD-Ⅱ湿法烟气脱硫技术的工艺特点、设备布置、技术参数、设备国产化以及技术应用。     

微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定堆肥中微量镉、锌和铜

研究并确定了微波消解堆肥的最佳条件,应用原子吸收与数据导数处理系统相结合方法解决了堆肥体系中微量金属Cd.Zn和Cu的测定问题,对应元素的灵敏度可提高一个数量级.检出限均有不同程度的降低,从而极大提高分析的准确度.同时对堆肥实际样品进行加标回收实验,测定了堆肥样品中金属的回收率,其回收率分别在99.5%-102.0%、98.7%-99.1%和98.8%-104.0%之间.实验结果显示,该方法快速、准确、可信.