Light transmission through intraocular lenses with or without yellow chromophore (blue light filter) and its potential influence on functional vision in everyday environmental conditions

In this research the factors used to evaluate the light transmission through two types of acrylic hydrophobic intraocular lenses, one that contained yellow chromophore that blocks blue light transmission and the other which did not contain that filter, were defined according to various light condition, e.g., daylight and at night. The potential influence of light transmission trough intraocular lenses with or without yellow chromophore on functional vision in everyday environmental conditions was analysed.     

星用热缩套管力学性能钴源辐照效应研究

目的研究星用热缩套管的力学性能(断裂伸长率和拉伸强度)在空间辐射环境中的退化情况。方法利用钴源放射的γ射线模拟地球轨道粒子辐照环境,通过表面形貌分析、辐解气体分析、X射线光电子能谱分析、红外光谱分析等多种手段分析热缩套管力学性能退化的原因。结果辐照后热缩套管颜色变深,力学参数出现严重退化现象。在最大辐照剂量下,材料断裂伸长率由414.3%下降为0.06%,拉伸强度由17.43 MPa下降为2.15 MPa,热缩套管原有力学性能几乎完全丧失。结论热缩套管主链出现断链现象,生成可挥发的CO2,CH4等气体,从而导致样品力学性能严重退化。     

超声波预处理-生物降解复合工艺处理含油污泥

以超声辐照和生物降解复合工艺处理油田含油污泥,辐照30 min后,连续曝气4 h的污泥中COD去除率比未经辐照的污泥COD去除率增幅85.7%,除油率增幅为66.7%;超声辐照强度对含油污泥处理效果影响较大,输出电压从50 V增至250 V时,COD去除率从10%增至70%,除油率则先增加后降低,在200 V左右时除油率最高达60%。     

超声辐照去除焦化废水中的氨氮

采用超声辐照去除焦化废水中的氨氮,在废水初始pH为8～9、氨氮初始质量浓度为121mg／L、饱和气体同时曝气同时超声的作用方式下对氨氮去除效果最佳。通过测定自由基清除剂对氨氮去除过程的影响和氨氮的转化形态,提出了超声去除氨氮的作用机理可能是溶液中的氨分子进入空化泡内进行高温热解反应最终转化成氮气和氢气的过程。     

小风和静风状态下TSP大气扩散模式的理论推导

以移动烟团积分模式为基础,采用数学模型分析法,从理论上导出了小风和静风状态下的TSP大气扩散模式。该模式描述了重力沉降和地面不完全反射对颗粒物大气扩散过程的影响;与现有的大气扩散模式体系完全相容,可以方便地应用于小风和静风状态下TSP地面浓度的预测计算     

还原铁粉/紫外光体系对活性艳红X-3B溶液的脱色

研究了在紫外杀菌灯（λmax=253．7nm,30W）照射下,添加还原铁粉的活性艳红X－3B水溶液的脱色作用。当pH=3．5,铁粉投加量为2．0g／L时,20mg／L活性艳红X－3B溶液在光照180min后的脱色率为79％。脱色为动力学零级反应。染料溶液的pH、铁粉投加量、活性艳红初始浓度对脱色有影响。初步探讨了脱色反应的机理。     

辐射技术在水处理中的应用及其发展

介绍了水处理辐射技术的分类、处理机理及其特点;概括了辐射技术在水处理中的应用情况;分析了辐射技术在水处理中的发展趋势。     

非饱和土壤轻油污染多相流研究进展

轻油泄漏到地下后 ,在非饱和土壤中水、气、油三相相互作用、相互影响 ,共同构成多相流体系统。在简要分析轻油污染问题的产生、危害以及轻油泄漏在地表以下运移方式的基础上 ,介绍并总结了近些年来国内外土壤轻油污染有关的多相流研究方面的进展 ,包括国外的模型研究成果、国内外试验研究方法和研究成果 ,并指出目前研究中存在的问题和需要进一步探讨的方向     

芳纶1414在光辐射下的安全化研究进展

芳纶1414是重要的高性能芳香族聚酰胺纤维且在个体防护领域应用非常广泛,但在光老化作用下力学性能下降非常明显,从而影响其使用寿命。本文从耐光性研究、耐光性能评价方法、耐光防护三个方面综述了芳纶1414在光辐射下的稳定性和安全化研究进展。耐光性研究方面,国内外对于芳纶1414在光辐射下的损伤机理的解释,尚难达成一致;耐光性能评价方法方面,现有的评价方法不能直观地反映出光老化作用对织物实际性能的影响情况,从防弹性能的保留率角度对其耐光性能进行评价是未来研究的方向;耐光防护方面,溶胶-凝胶法是目前应用最为广泛的织物抗光老化整理方法,但该法也仅限于对芳纶织物表面处理,对里层纤维的紫外防护有限,如何提高芳纶织物整体抗紫外性能需进一步深入研究。     

Effects of visible light radiation on macrophyte litter degradation and nutrient release in water samples from a eutrophic shallow lake

Visible light is a major fraction of the solar spectrum; however, information on visible light radiation of macrophyte detritus is lacking. In this study, we conducted a microcosm experiment to assess the effects of visible light radiation on degradation of two litter species: Potamogeton malaianus (P. malaianus) and Phragmites australis (Ph. australis). This research represents an investigation of mass loss, microbial activity and nutrients released over a period of 168 days. Overall, we found that visible light radiation had significant effects on litter decomposition, but it did not affect the microbial activities which degrade cellulose and lignin. The decomposition rate order of the three components in P. malaianus and Ph. australis in treatments was: cellulose?>?hemicellulose?>?lignin. The visible light radiation mainly affected the degradation of lignin, which is the primary compound in litter susceptible to photodegradation. The exposure to visible light radiation up to 17.6?Wm^?2 stimulated the dissolved organic carbon release and reduced the molecular weight to less reactive. Meanwhile, no obvious difference in nutrient contents (TP, TN, NO₃–N, NO₂–N, and NH₃–N) was observed among different visible light intensities. The results of this study contribute to better understanding of the photochemical behaviour of macrophyte litter in shallow lakes.