Visual Basic(VB)在工程CAD中的应用

本文介绍了使用Visual Basic开发常用工程CAD系统的一般方法,其中包括用户界面的设计、图形信息的处理、零件特征信息的传递、数据库的访问等多方面的内容。     

Female association preferences based on olfactory cues in the guppy,<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Poecilia reticulata</Emphasis>

Guppies are highly sexually dimorphic. Females have been shown to mate preferentially with males with various visible traits and previous studies investigating mate choice have focussed on these visual cues. However, guppies have been shown to respond behaviourally to odour cues from conspecifics as well as from predators. Therefore, sexual selection in guppies may act on multiple sensory modalities, but so far only visual cues have been investigated. Here, we used a specially designed olfactory choice tank to determine whether females could detect other guppies on the basis of their olfactory cues only, and to determine whether females preferred to associate with males or females and whether they could distinguish between different males. We show that female guppies associated preferentially with other females when given a choice between water containing the odour cues from another fish and water containing no odour cues. When females were presented with olfactory cues from a male and a female, they investigated the female initially, but then most reversed their decision and swam to the male. Furthermore, we demonstrate that females associated preferentially with certain males based upon olfactory cues alone, but that this choice was in direct opposition to that made when the females received only visual cues from the same males.Communicated by: M. Abrahams     

Can variations in visual behavior measures be good predictors of driver sleepiness? A real driving test study

Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to examine the association between variations in visual behavior measures and subjective sleepiness levels across age groups over time to determine a quantitative method of measuring drivers' sleepiness levels.

Method: A total of 128 volunteer drivers in 4 age groups were asked to finish 2-, 3-, and 4-h continuous driving tasks on expressways, during which the driver's fixation, saccade, and blink measures were recorded by an eye-tracking system and the subjective sleepiness level was measured through the Stanford Sleepiness Scale. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was then used to examine the change in visual behavior measures across age groups over time and compare the interactive effects of these 2 factors on the dependent visual measures.

Results: Drivers' visual behavior measures and subjective sleepiness levels vary significantly over time but not across age groups. A statistically significant interaction between age group and driving duration was found in drivers' pupil diameter, deviation of search angle, saccade amplitude, blink frequency, blink duration, and closure duration. Additionally, change in a driver's subjective sleepiness level is positively or negatively associated with variation in visual behavior measures, and such relationships can be expressed in regression models for different period of driving duration.

Conclusions: Driving duration affects drivers' sleepiness significantly, so the amount of continuous driving time should be strictly controlled. Moreover, driving sleepiness can be quantified through the change rate of drivers' visual behavior measures to alert drivers of sleepiness risk and to encourage rest periods. These results provide insight into potential strategies for reducing and preventing traffic accidents and injuries.     

沈阳北部污水处理厂出水回用于丁香湖溶质运移预测

通过对北部污水处理厂出水、丁香湖地区水环境质量现状评价,采用Visual MODFLOW数值模拟方法预测北部污水处理厂出水再生回用于丁香湖后研究区水质的变化情况,分析由此可能带来的水环境水质风险,来研究北部污水处理厂出水再生利用于丁香湖方案在水质上的可行性。预测结果显示：在地下水动力场作用下,随着时间的延长,SO4^2-将向下游不断运移并出现了累积现象,污水再生利用到丁香湖后,对地下水环境未来情况有一定的影响。     

Discrimination of flicker frequency rates in the reptile tuatara (Sphenodon )

By investigating the mechanisms that underlie the perception of environmental cues, we may begin to understand how the sensory system governs behavioral responses. This is the first empirical study to examine learning and visual sensitivity in a reptile species, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus). We established a non-intrusive psychophysical method by employing an instrumental paradigm in order to examine discrimination learning and the ability to distinguish different flicker frequencies in the tuatara. Seventeen tuatara were trained under an operant conditioning task to respond to various discriminative stimuli flickering between 2.65 and 65.09 Hz. Tuatara were able to learn the operant task and discriminate between a constant light and flicker frequency rates between 2.65 and 45.61 Hz, but not at 65.09 Hz. We demonstrated a reliable psychophysical method where these reptiles could learn a basic operant task and discriminate visual stimuli in the form of flicker frequency rates. The tuatara’s ability to perceive flickering light is comparable to that of avian, mammalian, and other reptilian species. This method is thus suitable for more comprehensive examinations of vision and additional sensory abilities in other reptiles. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Eggshell colour does not predict measures of maternal investment in eggs of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Turdus</Emphasis> thrushes

The striking diversity of avian eggshell colour has long fascinated biologists. Recently, it has been proposed that the blue-green colour of some eggs may function as a post-mating sexually selected signal of female phenotypic quality to their mates to induce higher allocation of paternal care. It has been suggested that maternally deposited yolk carotenoids may be the specific aspect of reproductive quality that the female is signalling via eggshell colour. We use the known properties of the thrush visual system (Turdus sp.) to calculate photon capture for the four single cone photoreceptors, and the principal member of the double cone class for eggs in clutches of two introduced European thrush species (Turdus merula and Turdus philomelos) in New Zealand. We show that differences in the avian-perceived colours of individual eggs are not consistently correlated with different measures of maternal investment in the egg. Given the growing extent of the knowledge between maternal quality, parental investment and eggshell pigmentation across avian taxa, we encourage the use of avian perceptual modelling for testing alternative non-signalling explanations for the structural and physiological basis of these relationships.     

景观及视觉影响评价初探

总结和论述了景观及视觉影响评价的概念及评价的过程、内容与方法等,结合我国的实际情况提出了开展此项工作的建议。由于景观及视觉影响不同于通常的污染影响,具有直接可见性和不易改变性等特点,故应及早重视,使发展项目所制定的计划与景观及视觉环境相协调。该评价方法主要包括计算机技术支持下的图形叠加法和GIS法等。      

燃煤电厂环境管理信息系统的开发研究

环境管理信息系统(EMIS)是在一个特定组织内,通过集成软件、硬件和专业服务来管理该组织的环境行为。燃煤电厂环境管理信息系统的开发对电力企业环境管理有重要意义。本文以燃煤电厂为研究对象,以Access为后台数据库,以Visual Basic 6.0为语言开发工具,开发研究了燃煤电厂环境管理信息系统(EMIS)软件。该软件有助于减少环境污染,提高管理水平。所开发的软件最终编译成可安装的应用软件包,能够脱离开发环境在Windows系统下独立运行。     

煤矿职工教育信息管理系统的开发

为了加强煤矿企业的安全管理 ,降低事故频率 ,提高劳动生产率 ,笔者详细介绍了用VFP软件开发的煤矿职工教育信息管理系统。实践证明该系统具有安装方便、界面友好、功能齐全等特点 ,在煤矿企业有推广应用价值。     

基于VB6.0软件平台的土坝震害评估系统

为了准确、快速地对遭受地震影响的土坝工程的破坏状态进行评估,以土坝震害判断模型为基础,采用VB平台开发了土坝震害评估系统,并介绍了系统开发的总体设计和模式,阐述了系统开发中VB与Excel链接、Excel与Access数据导入等关键技术。