新农村环境信息公开问题及对策研究

环境信息作为一种新的环境管理手段,在新农村新环境建设中有着积极的作用和意义.造成农村环境问题日益恶化的重要原因是农村环境信息公开工作的严重缺位,使得相关环境信息得不到全面收集和法定公开.农村居民及相关部门不了解农村有哪些环境问题,这些环境问题有什么危害,因而意识不到它的严重性,没有进行环境保护的压力和动力.区(县)级环境保护管理部门应向各乡(镇)、村派出环保专员,作为农村环境信息公开的主体,农村集体经济组织中选举出环保代表,协助环保专员进行环境信息公开.农村环境信息公开工作的长期有效开展需要一套完善的保障机制.     

ANALYZIIG RIPARIAN SITE CAPABILITY AND MANAGEMENT OPTIONS1

ABSTRACT: Riparian areas interact with aquatic and upland conditions and therefore help determine the degree of functionality (streambank stability, shade, sediment, and debris filtering) found in a watershed or catchment. Thus, conditions in riparian areas exert significant influence on water quality. Physical and biological factors (biophysical determinants) that influence these conditions and determine long‐term site ecology include topographic variables, geology, climate, soil texture, and others. These conditions are further modified by management infrastructure (roads, dikes, etc.). Our objective was to develop a system for evaluating site condition in relation to site capability. Since biophysical determinants and infrastructure interact with water quality, our first task was to acquire data concerning the spatial distribution of biophysical determinants and infrastructure constraints and to import them into a GIS system where they could be managed and processed. To expedite analysis, determinants and infrastructure constraints were placed into a hierarchy capable of isolating various site capability types. The hierarchy was designed to incorporate multiscale effects. Site capability areas are georeferenced in this process thereby enabling efficient monitoring and providing a way to focus management on those areas needing improvement. Study tasks included: (1) landscape characterization and hierarchy selection, (2) field assessment, (3) information management and data mining, and (4) information interpretation and adaptive management. This approach appears to be an effective way to isolate general ripananstandardsmaycon site conditions, to provide indications about water quality, and to create strategies necessary for alleviating water quality problems.     

An implementation assessment of China’s Environmental Information Disclosure Decree

China’s 2007 Open Government Information Regulations is widely considered as a milestone in the country’s information policy history and is praised as a “sunshine program”. The Environmental Information Disclosure Decree was the first to operationalize these general regulations into a sectoral information disclosure system on environment. This study assessed the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system about six months after the Decree took e ect on May 1, 2008. Through reviewing the websites of all 31 provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus and the Ministry of Environmental Protection, conducting an experiment with actual information disclosure request, and through interviews with all provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus, this article concluded that the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system still falls short. Future improvements should focus on further publicity of the regulations and decree to enhance public participation, the establishment of an independent evaluation and supervision system for information disclosure, the exchange of experiences and best practices among provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus, and on strengthening the legal status of environmental information disclosure.     

新时期环境影响评价公众参与有效性研究

简要回顾了中国环境影响评价（EIA）公众参与的历程,以十大经典案例引出公众参与存在的问题,然后从EIA公众参与的程序和过程对这些问题进行了系统的分析,进而提出了一些有针对性的措施。认为建立起一套基于环境信息公开透明基础上的各方对话沟通与利益协调机制是提升中国EIA＆众参与水平的有效措施。需要指出的是：EIA＆众参与有效性的提高,并不仅是技术或者态度的问题,它是一项系统工程,牵涉面广,需要解决好各环节的问题,包括深层次的问题。     

环境信息披露质量、市场化程度与企业价值--基于能源行业上市公司经验数据

以2010—2019年我国能源行业上市公司数据为样本,利用内容分析法探讨了环境信息披露质量对能源企业价值的影响。结果发现:①能源企业环境信息披露质量与企业价值呈正相关关系。②非货币性环境信息披露质量对企业价值的正向影响更加显著。③市场化程度对环境信息披露质量与企业价值的正相关关系具有增强作用。④市场化程度对非货币性环境信息披露质量与企业价值之间关系的正向调节作用更强。⑤环境信息披露质量能够降低权益资本成本,提高预期现金流量,形成影响企业价值的传导机制。     

Investigating supportive conditions for participation in voluntary environmental programs

Voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) are commonly construed as contracts between industry and government that encourage businesses to voluntarily mitigate their environmental impacts beyond legal requirements. This research explores conditions under which polluting firms are likely to participate in VEPs. We analyze 34 comparable VEPs whose shared goal is to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, with focus on the alleged influences of three factors drawn from existing scholarship: government supervision; economic instruments; and public disclosure of participants' environmental records. The statistical results show a greater effect from government supervision than complete voluntarism and the positive effect of financial subsidies on firms' participation in VEPs. Although recent debates over regulatory reform have been oriented towards vesting greater discretion in regulatees to better address environmental harms, the findings imply that even in a highly privatized form of regulation, government oversight and assistance are necessary for promoting this new mode of environmental regulation.     

企业环境信息披露:实践与理论——基于政策和文献综述的分析

企业环境信息披露是指把公司各种活动对环境产生影响的信息向外部社会公开.本文主要围绕"企业环境信息披露"这一主题, 简要介绍了中外各国在企业环境信息披露上的政策实践和法律规定,同时,本文梳理了相关的研究,主要集中在三个方面,第一,环境信息内容的界定;第二,企业环境信息披露的决定因素分析;第三,企业环境信息披露的效应分析.本文的介绍将帮助我们初步了解中外各国在企业环境信息披露上的政策差异,以及通过理论文献上的整理厘清企业环境信息披露的主要问题,找到未来中国在企业环境信息披露的理论和政策实践上的方向.     

深圳市环境信息公开和公众参与管理实践与对策

环境信息公开和公众参与已经成为一种重要的环境管理辅助手段,深圳市立足城市之先,在立法和执法方面开展了一系列实践工作,并积累了一定的经验和教训。在研究深圳市环境信息公开和公众参与管理现状的基础上,结合实践中存在的焦点和难点问题,以提高公民环境知情权和参与权的落实水平为目标,从观念、立法、技术指引和参与形式等方面提出政策建议,为深圳市环境信息公开与公众参与管理实践提供了较好的理论和实践探索。