危险废物集中焚烧处置设施设计技术要求研究

危险废物集中焚烧处置是我国危险废物处置的最主要和最直接的方式之一。本文结合我国目前危险废物集中焚烧处置设施建设和设计现状 ,以及我国危险废物处置设施建设规划 ,在对危险废物集中焚烧处置设施设计所涉及的关键技术环节进行分析的基础上 ,提出了相应的设计技术要求     

废物处理企业的顾客需求

分析了废物处理企业的产品及顾客分类 ,并重点讨论了废物产生单位和环境的顾客需求     

粪便与生活垃圾混合堆肥氮转化与腐熟度

采用静态仓强制通风进行粪便和生活垃圾混合堆肥,以玉米秸和石灰为调理剂,考察堆肥过程的氮转化与腐熟度。试验结果表明:堆肥中氮的损失量为26%～49%,堆体高温期持续时间长,导致氮的损失增加。添加石灰使堆肥前期的氮损失率增加,但加快了堆肥过程,总氮的损失没有加大。水溶性氨氮含量在堆肥升温期出现峰值5.61mg/gdw,堆肥结束时氨氮含量小于0.34mg/gdw;堆肥中硝态氮主要在降温期和腐熟期形成,达到1.84～4.05mg/gdw。氨氮和硝态氮之比小于0.16和水溶态有机碳与总氮之比小于1.10,较适合作为粪便与垃圾的混合堆肥腐熟指标。     

Hybrid energy harvesting systems for self-powered sustainable water purification by harnessing ambient energy

● Energy harvesters harness multiple energies for self-powered water purification. ● Hybrid energy harvesters enable continuous output under fluctuating conditions. ● Mechanical, thermal, and solar energies enable synergic harvesting. ● Perspectives of hybrid energy harvester-driven water treatment are proposed. The development of self-powered water purification technologies for decentralized applications is crucial for ensuring the provision of drinking water in resource-limited regions. The elimination of the dependence on external energy inputs and the attainment of self-powered status significantly expands the applicability of the treatment system in real-world scenarios. Hybrid energy harvesters, which convert multiple ambient energies simultaneously, show the potential to drive self-powered water purification facilities under fluctuating actual conditions. Here, we propose recent advancements in hybrid energy systems that simultaneously harvest various ambient energies (e.g., photo irradiation, flow kinetic, thermal, and vibration) to drive water purification processes. The mechanisms of various energy harvesters and point-of-use water purification treatments are first outlined. Then we summarize the hybrid energy harvesters that can drive water purification treatment. These hybrid energy harvesters are based on the mechanisms of mechanical and photovoltaic, mechanical and thermal, and thermal and photovoltaic effects. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential for advancing beyond the current state-of-the-art of hybrid energy harvester-driven water treatment processes. Future endeavors should focus on improving catalyst efficiency and developing sustainable hybrid energy harvesters to drive self-powered treatments under unstable conditions (e.g., fluctuating temperatures and humidity).     

模拟酸雨对沙柱中废弃线路板组成元素的影响

通过室内土柱淋溶实验,研究模拟酸雨对废弃线路板组成元素的影响,并分析了浸出液的组分特征和变化规律.结果表明,废弃线路板中组成元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Ca、Mg和Cl) 浸出浓度随酸雨pH值的降低而增大;其中Cu、Pb和Zn的浸出浓度随淋溶液体积的增大呈现先增加后降低的趋势;而Cl、Ca和Mg的浸出浓度在淋溶初期达到最大值,之后随着淋溶液体积的增大而减小;Cu和Pb的浸出浓度在平稳状态仍然远大于国家地表水Ⅲ类标准.使用Visual MINTEQ软件模拟浸出液中Cu、Pb和Zn 3种元素的组分存在形态表明,Pb和Zn主要以Pb2＋和Zn2＋为优势态,Cu在pH4.0时,主要存在形态为CuSO4(aq).     

A Comparison of Waste Reduction Practices and the New Environmental Paradigm in Four Southern Chinese Areas

On domestic waste recycling, it was found that source separation of domestic waste in mainland China was supported by 85% of the urban population and about 11–13% of the household waste was recovered and sold by the householders for financial gains. It was also found that the lower income group tended to recover a greater portion of waste, indicating that voluntary waste recovery activities in mainland China were carried out largely due to economic reasons. Thus, the Western type of source separation program in which residents are requested to separate recyclables for the community may not be welcomed in mainland China. In Hong Kong, despite the presence of community waste recovery programs, the recovery of domestic waste is only about 6% and is therefore less than those of the mainland Chinese cities surveyed. On the choice of source separation programs, it was found that Hong Kong people ranked familiarity a more important criterion than convenience. Therefore, the collection frequency of recyclables and time and place for setting out recyclables should be as similar to those of normal waste collection as possible to attract high participation in source separation programs.     

计算机在工业废气监测分析数据处理中的应用

本文简要介绍了我们在工业废气监测分析数据处理编制的计算机软件的特点和应用。该软件可免除康气监测数据处理时繁琐的人工计算过程,数据处理结果能在Ｗｏｒｄ,Ｅｘｃｅｌ字表处理软件窗口编辑打印报告单。     

The experience of waste minimization at a nitrocellulose manufacturing plant

This article describes how Taiwan nitrocellulose industrial company (TNC) applies the structured methodology developed by the U.S. environmental protection agency (USEPA) to reduce, recycle and recover the wastes generated at its Taoyuan plant. The company has generated significantly less amounts of wastes, improved the competitiveness in the international market and met more stringent environmental regulations since conducting the minimization program in the late 1980s. The experience gained at the Taoyuan plant is being applied to other plants in China and Philippines.     

Porous structure of activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper

In an earlier report, we presented a method for preparing activated carbon from waste newspaper as a way to recycle used paper for a purpose other than producing raw material for paper-making. In this article, we consider the porous structure of the activated carbon that affects its adsorption properties for various substances. The specific surface area of activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper was 838 m²/g, the micropore volume was 0.368 ml/g, and the mesopore volume was 0.138 ml/g, which is about the same as commercially available activated carbon. The activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper usually has a high content of ash, which makes little contribution to the adsorption properties. In particular, as compared with reagent-activated carbon, the quantities of mesopores with a pore radius of 3–25 nm and macropores with a pore radius of 25–250 nm were 8 and 14 times larger, respectively. Activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper has a well-developed porous structure, particularly in the mesopore and macropore ranges. Received: July 12, 1999 / Accepted: March 8, 2000     

TIE技术在某化工厂废水毒性原因鉴别中的应用

运用美国水生生物毒性鉴别评价技术对组分相对复杂的某化工厂废水进行毒性原因鉴别。结果表明：导致该厂废水毒性的关键污染物是二萘酚,对硝基氯苯和间硝硝基氯苯。对ＴＩＥ技术在中国推广的实用性,可行性以及应用前景等进行了讨论。