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121.
122.
T. D. Blackall M. R. Theobald C. Milford K. J. Hargreaves E. Nemitz L. J. Wilson J. Bull P. J. Bacon K. C. Hamer S. Wanless M. A. Sutton 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(6):279-285
Ammonia emissions from two contrasting seabird colonies in Scotland were measured, based on the determination of atmospheric concentrations downwind of the colonies. Atmospheric concentrations of ammonia (NH3) across the downwind plume were compared with the inverse application of a Gaussian dispersion model (ID) to calculate the modelled NH3 emission that would generate the measured cross-wind-integrated plume concentration. In parallel, a tracer gas (sulphur hexafluoride, SF6) was released from the colonies with air samples taken to allow determination of SF6 concentrations. On the basis of the known emission rate of SF6, the magnitude of ammonia emissions was estimated by the cross-wind-integrated tracer ratio (TR) of NH3/SF6 concentrations. Coupled with data on annual bird attendance, the measurements indicate annual emissions from the Isle of May and the Bass Rock of 18 and 132 tonnes NH3-N year–1, respectively. The measured NH3 emissions were compared with estimates of seabird nitrogen excretion to estimate the proportion of excreted N that is volatilised as NH3 (FNr). The emission estimates of the two methods compared favourably, giving 4 and 6 kg NH3-N h–1 (FNr = 15%) for the Isle of May for the ID and TR methods, respectively, and 21 and 25 kg NH3-N h–1 (FNr = 50%) for the Bass Rock for the ID and TR methods, respectively. The results provide the first measurement-based estimates to allow regional up scaling of ammonia emissions from seabirds. 相似文献
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珠江三角洲经济区污水系统设计原则 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析了珠江三角洲经济区水环境现状;阐述了城市污水分散处理与集中处理的利弊;指出污水深度处理与回用是形成良性水循环的有效途径,更是经济可持续发展的必然要求;通过对已建排水系统存在问题的分析,探讨了珠江三角洲经济开发区污水系统的设计原则,认为污水系统规划要改变传统设计方法,应方便再生水回用,由经济、技术、地理等综合因素确定排水分区、污水厂厂址与数量,选择适合各排水区域水质水量的工艺流程,预留污水厂与再生水回用管线分期发展的空间,应优先选用国产污水处理设备,尽可能维持城市河涌自然生态。 相似文献
125.
由于靠近断层处地震地面运动中速度脉冲作用的存在,导致传统的基于瞬时加速度反应谱的抗震设计,不能有效考虑由此带来的巨大能量耗散和位移需求。笔者采用代表性的脉冲型实际近场地震记录和人工模拟三角函数地震动时程,在分析累积输入地震动耗能和结构位移间关系基础上,提出了等效速度比的表达式;给出了近场地震动的等效变形需求表达式;提出了等价延性系数的概念,来考虑由于地震动能量耗散对结构的强度需求;经非线性时程分析方法对其稳定性进行了验证比较,有利于增强结构的安全性。 相似文献
126.
极性基湿润剂与矿岩类粉尘颗粒的作用机理 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
根据矿岩类粉尘微颗粒的表面性质和极性基湿润剂的特性,应用分子热力学和表面物理化学理论探讨了湿润型抑尘剂与矿岩类粉尘之间的相互作用机理。矿岩类粉尘吸附水的本质是由于它们之间的相互吸引作用,是分子之间的短程相互作用力和长程作用力共同作用的结果。当矿岩类粉尘与水相碰撞时,只有当吸引力大于排斥力时,水分子才能牯附于矿岩类粉尘,表面张力和体系自由能足够小时,水才能湿润矿岩类粉尘。分析了湿润剂对水和矿岩类粉尘的表面改性的原理,它增加水和矿岩类粉尘之间的相互作用力,减小了界面表面张力和体系自由能,使矿岩粉尘被水湿润能自由地进行。 相似文献
127.
新疆融雪措施对环境的影响及其防治对策 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
随着国民经济的飞速发展,促进和带动了城市化发展,在我国北方寒冷地区城市中,积雪对城市发展和交通安全运营的制约因素越来越受到各界人士的关注。有关部门引进并使用融雪剂去除冰雪,融雪剂在提高清除积雪效率的同时,也给城市的基础设施和生态环境带来潜在危害。为了正确合理的使用融雪剂,了解融雪剂的特性和它的融雪机理是十分必要的,在此基础上提出减轻危害的对策,为今后正确使用融雪剂提供参考依据。 相似文献
128.
This study was conducted to investigate microbial organisms that can be used for preventing clogging in drip irrigation systems caused by biological factors. A total of 25 fungi isolate and 121 bacterial strains were isolated from water samples collected from drip irrigation systems in tomato greenhouses in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey in the spring season of 2001. Biological clogging of emitters in a model drip irrigation system was experimentally caused by application of the microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) isolated in the study. Three antagonistic bacterial strains in the genus Bacillus spp (ERZ, OSU-142) and Burkholdria spp (OSU-7) were used for treatment of biological clogging of the emitters. The results showed that the antagonistic bacterial strains tested have the potential to be used as anti-clogging agents for treatment of emitters in drip irrigation system. This is the first study that demonstrated that antagonistic microorganisms can be utilized for treatment of clogging in drip irrigation systems. 相似文献
129.
IntroductionWith the development of industries and increased diversity of their associated hazards, the importance of identifying these hazards and controlling the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risks has also dramatically augmented. Currently, there is a serious need for a risk management system to identify and prioritize risks with the aim of providing corrective/preventive measures to minimize the negative consequences of OHS risks. In fact, this system can help the protection of employees’ health and reduction of organizational costs. Method: The present study proposes a hybrid decision-making approach based on the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM), and Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) for assessing and prioritizing OHS risks. After identifying the risks and determining the values of the risk assessment criteria via the FMEA technique, the attempt is made to determine the weights of criteria based on their causal relationships through FCM and the hybrid learning algorithm. Then, the risk prioritization is carried out using the MOORA method based on the decision matrix (the output of the FMEA) and the weights of the criteria (the output of the FCM). Results: The results from the implementation of the proposed approach in a manufacturing company reveal that the score at issue can overcome some of the drawbacks of the traditional Risk Priority Number (RPN) in the conventional FMEA, including lack of assignment the different relative importance to the assessment criteria, inability to take into account other important management criteria, lack of consideration of causal relationships among criteria, and high dependence of the prioritization on the experts’ opinions, which finally provides a full and distinct risk prioritization. 相似文献
130.
Liang Lu Yuqi Jin Hongmei Liu Xiaojun Ma Kunio Yoshikawa 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(1):79-85
Nitrogen evolution was studied during the co-combustion of hydrothermally treated municipal solid wastes (HT MSW) and coal in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB). HT MSW blending ratios as 10%, 20% and 30% (wt.%) were selected and tested at 700, 800, 900 °C. Emissions of NO and N2O from blends were measured and compared with the results of mono-combustion trials. Moreover, concentrations of precursors like NH3 and HCN were also quantified. The results are summarized as follows: NO emissions were predominant in all the cases, which rose with increasing temperature. The blending of HT MSW contributed to the NO reduction. N2O emissions decreased with temperature rising and the blending of HT MSW also presented positive effects. At 30% HT MSW addition, both NO and N2O emissions showed the lowest values (391.85 ppm and 55.33 ppm, respectively at 900 °C). For the precursors, more HCN was detected than NH3 and both played important roles on the gas side nitrogen evolution. 相似文献