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291.
292.
Nonylphenolic compounds (NPs), coprostanol (COP), and cholestanol, major contaminants in industrial and domestic wastewaters, were analyzed in creek water, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, and sediment samples from artificial Lake Shihwa and its vicinity, one of the most industrialized regions in Korea. We also determined mass discharge of NPs and COP, a fecal sterol, into the lake, to understand the linkage between discharge and sediment contamination. Total NP (the sum of nonylphenol, and nonylphenol mono- and di-ethoxylates) were 0.32-875 μg L−1 in creeks, 0.61-87.0 μg L−1 in WWTP effluents, and 29.3-230 μg g−1 TOC in sediments. Concentrations of COP were 0.09-19.0 μg L−1 in creeks, 0.11-44.0 μg L−1 in WWTP effluents, and 2.51-438 μg g−1 TOC in sediments. The spatial distributions of NPs in creeks and sediments from the inshore region were different from those of COP, suggesting that Lake Shihwa contamination patterns from industrial effluents differ from those from domestic effluents. The mass discharge from the combined outfall of the WWTPs, located in the offshore region, was 2.27 kg d−1 for NPs and 1.00 kg d−1 for COP, accounting for 91% and 95% of the total discharge into Lake Shihwa, respectively. The highest concentrations of NPs and COP in sediments were found in samples at sites near the submarine outfall of the WWTPs, indicating that the submarine outfall is an important point source of wastewater pollution in Lake Shihwa. 相似文献
293.
In this study an assessment is made of the negative impacts of wastewater irrigation on soils and crops sampled along the
Khoshk River channel in suburban area of Shiraz City, SW Iran. For this purpose, samples of soil profiles (0–60 cm in depth)
and crops were collected from two wastewater irrigated sites and a tube well-irrigated (control) site. Total concentrations
of the five heavy metals (Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr) and their phytoavailable contents were determined. The Pollution Load Indexes
(PLIs) and Contamination Factors (CFs) for soils and Hazard quotients (ΣHQ) for some vegetables were also calculated. The
results showed the use of untreated wastewater has caused the following changes as compared to control site: (1) a 20–30%
increase in organic matter content of soil; (2) increase in pH by 2–3 units; (3) significant concentration increase in Ex-Ca
especially in top layers of soil resulting in high CEC; (4) build up of heavy metals (notably Pb and Ni) in topsoil above
Maximum Permissible Limits (MPLs) indicating a moderate contamination (PLI > 1, CF > 2.5); (5) contamination of some vegetables
(spinach and lettuce) with Cd due to its high phytoavailability in topsoil causing a HQ > 1; (6) excessive accumulation of
Ni and Pb in wheat due to continual addition of heavy metals through long-term wastewater application. The study concludes
that strict protection measures, stringent guidelines and an integrated system for the treatment and recycling of wastewater
are needed to minimize the negative impacts of wastewater irrigation in the study area. 相似文献
294.
Because of fast urban sprawl, land use competition, and the gap in available funds and needed funds, municipal decision makers
and planners are looking for more cost-effective and sustainable ways to improve their sewer infrastructure systems. The dominant
approaches have turned to planning the sanitary sewer systems within a regional context, while the decentralized and on-site/cluster
wastewater systems have not overcome the application barriers. But regionalization policy confers uncertainties and risks
upon cities while planning for future events. Following the philosophy of smart growth, this paper presents several optimal
expansion schemes for a fast-growing city in the US/Mexico borderlands—the city of Pharr in Texas under uncertainty. The waste
stream generated in Pharr is divided into three distinct sewer sheds within the city limit, including south region, central
region, and north region. The options available include routing the wastewater to a neighboring municipality (i.e., McAllen)
for treatment and reuse, expanding the existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the south sewer shed, and constructing
a new WWTP in the north sewer shed. Traditional deterministic least-cost optimization applied in the first stage can provide
a cost-effective and technology-based decision without respect to associated uncertainties system wide. As the model is primarily
driven by the fees charged for wastewater transfer, sensitivity analysis was emphasized by the inclusion of varying flat-rate
fees for adjustable transfer schemes before contracting process that may support the assessment of fiscal benefits to all
parties involved. Yet uncertainties might arise from wastewater generation, wastewater reuse, and cost increase in constructing
and operating the new wastewater treatment plant simultaneously. When dealing with multiple sources of uncertainty, the grey
mixed integer programming (GIP) model, formulated in the second stage, can further allow all sources of uncertainties to propagate
throughout the optimization context, simultaneously leading to determine a wealth of optimal decisions within a reasonable
range. Both models ran for three 5-year periods beginning in 2005 and ending in 2020. The dynamic outputs of this analysis
reflect the systematic concerns about integrative uncertainties within this decision analysis, which enable decision makers
and stakeholders to make all-inclusive decisions for sanitary sewer system expansion in an economically growing region. 相似文献
295.
综述了厌氧处理工艺应用于工业废水处理的研究进展,并对厌氧工艺与好氧工艺进行了对比,总结了厌氧工艺的特性;阐释了厌氧工艺的应用现状及未来的发展趋势,重点介绍了厌氧流化床反应器(AFBR)、上流式厌氧滤池、上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)、厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)、颗粒污泥膨胀床反应器(EGSB)、复合厌氧反应器。 相似文献
296.
城市生活垃圾综合处理系统的选择 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
以上海城市生活垃圾处置为对象,利用层次分析方法,选择了分选回收+堆肥+卫生填埋的综合处置系统,并且确定了堆肥方式应首先考虑仓式静态好氧堆肥。经过运行费比较,所选择的综合处置系统比现行的处置系统具有明显的优势。 相似文献
297.
SBR法处理抗生素片剂制药废水 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用序批式活性污泥(SBR)法处理抗菌素片剂制药废水,抗毒性好、处理效率高,无污泥膨胀现象,能除臭除味,耐冲击负荷能力强,流程简单灵活,运行成本低。 相似文献
298.
超声-臭氧氧化处理硝基苯废水实验研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
在实验装置上对超声-臭氧氧化处理硝基苯废水进行了实验研究,主要考察了废水初始pH值、反应时间,臭氧通入量、超声功率等因素对硝基苯去除率的影响,实验结果表明,超声辐射可以在臭氧氧化过程中起加速反应的作用,而且随着超声功率的增大,加速反应的能力增强;废水初始pH值为11时硝基苯去除效果最佳;随着臭氧通入量的增大,反应时间的延长,硝基苯去除率不断增大;超声-臭氧处理硝基苯废水过程中硝基苯的降解规律为表现一级反应。 相似文献
299.
膜生物反应器处理生活污水无泡供氧的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
用疏水性微孔膜制成的供氧器,向水溶液或发酵液供氧时,无气泡产生,这种无泡式供氧方式突破了传统的泡式供氧模式,具有传氧效率高,无泡沫产生和动力消耗低等优点。在膜生物反应器中用无泡式供氧进行生活污水处理试验研究。结果表明,COD,BOD5、NH3-N、浊度去除率分别达95%、94%和99%,对SS和大肠杆菌去除率达100%。 相似文献
300.
关于环境生物技术在水污染治理中的研究与应用 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
分析了国内外关于微生物遗传学、酶学在环境生物技术领域中的研究进展以及环境生物技术在污水治理学的开发与应用及其发展趋势,为选择实用的污水处理技术提供了参考依据。 相似文献