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排序方式: 共有1847条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Could wastewater analysis be a useful tool for China? — A review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jianfa Gao Jake O''Brien Foon Yin Lai Alexander L.N. van Nuijs Jun He Jochen F. Mueller Jingsha Xu Phong K. Thai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015
Analysingwastewater samples is an innovative approach that overcomesmany limitations of traditional surveys to identify and measure a range of chemicals that were consumed by or exposed to people living in a sewer catchment area. First conceptualised in 2001, much progress has been made to make wastewater analysis (WWA) a reliable and robust tool for measuring chemical consumption and/or exposure. At the moment, the most popular application of WWA, sometimes referred as sewage epidemiology, is to monitor the consumption of illicit drugs in communities around the globe, including China. The approach has been largely adopted by lawenforcement agencies as a device tomonitor the temporal and geographical patterns of drug consumption. In the future, themethodology can be extended to other chemicals including biomarkers of population health (e.g. environmental or oxidative stress biomarkers, lifestyle indicators or medications that are taken by different demographic groups) and pollutants that people are exposed to (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, perfluorinated chemicals, and toxic pesticides). The extension of WWA to a huge range of chemicals may give rise to a field called sewage chemical-information mining (SCIM) with unexplored potentials. China has many densely populated cities with thousands of sewage treatment plants which are favourable for applying WWA/SCIM in order to help relevant authorities gather information about illicit drug consumption and population health status. However, there are some prerequisites and uncertainties of the methodology that should be addressed for SCIM to reach its full potential in China. 相似文献
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73.
Peter B. Woodbury Ronald M. Beloin Dennis P. Swaney Brian E. Gollands David A. Weinstein 《Ecological modelling》2002,150(3):959
We have developed a modeling framework to support grid-based simulation of ecosystems at multiple spatial scales, the Ecological Component Library for Parallel Spatial Simulation (ECLPSS). ECLPSS helps ecologists to build robust spatially explicit simulations of ecological processes by providing a growing library of reusable interchangeable components and automating many modeling tasks. To build a model, a user selects components from the library, and then writes new components as needed. Some of these components represent specific ecological processes, such as how environmental factors influence the growth of individual trees. Other components provide simulation support such as reading and writing files in various formats to allow inter-operability with other software. The framework manages components and variables, the order of operations, and spatial interactions. The framework provides only simulation support; it does not include ecological functions or assumptions. This separation allows biologists to build models without becoming computer scientists, while computer scientists can improve the framework without becoming ecologists. The framework is designed to operate on multiple platforms and be used across networks via a World Wide Web-based user interface. ECLPSS is designed for use with both single processor computers for small models, and multiple processors in order to simulate large regions with complex interactions among many individuals or ecological compartments. To test Version 1.0 of ECLPSS, we created a model to evaluate the effect of tropospheric ozone on forest ecosystem dynamics. This model is a reduced-form version of two existing models:
, which represents an individual tree, and
, which represents forest stand growth and succession. This model demonstrates key features of ECLPSS, such as the ability to examine the effects of cell size and model structure on model predictions. 相似文献
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75.
Study of urban population attitudes towards various wastewater reuse options: Israel as a case study
This paper summarizes the findings of a survey (256 participants) conducted to determine the attitude of the Israeli urban public towards various urban water reuse options. Israel is known for its long and successful agricultural water reuse scheme, but to date no large-scale urban reuse projects have been implemented. The survey included 21 reuse options, which were clustered into three reuse categories, namely: low, medium, and high contact levels. Results show that a high proportion of the participants supported medium contact reuse options such as sidewalk landscaping (95%), domestic WC flushing (85%) and firefighting (96%). Higher contact reuse options such as domestic laundry (38%), preserved food (13%), and potable aquifer recharge (11%) found much lesser support. Less than expected support was found for low contact reuse options with 86% for field crop irrigation, 62% for aquifer recharge for agricultural irrigation, and as low as 49% for orchard irrigation. This low support is surprising, since all three options have been practiced on a large scale for over three decades in Israel without any adverse effects to the public. No correlation was found between any biographical characteristic examined (education, gender, income, marital status, having young children, and age) and support for medium contact options. For the medium contact options, the results suggest that perceived financial gain (individual and/or communal) and positive public opinion enhances support, while perceived health effects negatively affects the degree of support. Technology, trust in authorities and awareness of water and environmental issues were found to not have a significant effect on support for medium contact reuse options. Analyzing the four possible reasons for support given by participants who identified themselves as supporters of wastewater reuse revealed that the most important reason for support was "water saving", followed by "minimization of importing water from abroad". These were followed by "infrastructure cost saving" together with "environmental improvement". 相似文献
76.
煤矿矿井水处理方法的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
根据沈阳某煤矿矿井水的特性,采用化学絮凝法对矿井水处理,利用净水灵和PAM作为混、絮凝剂,在实际工程中取得了满意的处理效果。 相似文献
77.
为克服厌氧发酵沼渣中碳氮磷比严重失调、可生化性差、总氮和总磷浓度高等难以直接资源化利用的难题,同时为北方秋冬季节低温条件下海绵城市建设过程中推广绿色屋顶提供技术支撑,通过调节基质中本地砂质壤土与厌氧发酵沼渣的比例,在北方秋冬季节室外培育佛甲草并研究其生长状态。结果表明:沼渣显著降低了基质的容重,减轻了屋顶的承受负荷;增大了基质的孔隙度,更适宜佛甲草根系下扎生长。基质中添加沼渣改善了低温条件下佛甲草的生长状况,增加了佛甲草的株高和覆盖度,提高了其分蘖能力及叶绿素总量;品质评价得分均高于6分,表明佛甲草的生长基本正常;低温条件下,沼渣和砂质壤土按4:5混配后的基质培育出的佛甲草综合品质最优。 相似文献
78.
吴彤坤 《石油化工环境保护》2002,25(2):17-19
本文从污水处理工艺的选择、设备比选,占地,能耗等诸多方面介绍了在设计中如何减少投资,降低污水处理成本的经验与体会,并提出了可行的方法与建议。 相似文献
79.
80.
啤酒厂麦汁煮沸耗热占全厂生产用热的50%,实现煮沸二次蒸汽的再利用是企业能否获得较高经济回报的重要环节。从技术原理、技术优势、经济成本等角度对储能与真空蒸发联合热能回收系统进行了分析和阐述,以期为啤酒企业在借鉴和引进节能新技术中起到促进作用。 相似文献