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51.
针对存在补给关系的河流或河段,提出更切合实际设计条件的水量平衡模型和水量水质平衡模型,进而确定了源与目标之间的响应关系参数和河流或河段的输移作用,在水量水质平衡模型基础上,给出推求自净环境容量的方法。该模型和方法已得到实际应用和检验,具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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This paper contributes to on-going attempts at bringing together two influential ideas in water governance: Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and adaptive governance. In particular, a tension remains between the call in IWRM for the use of formal institutions, such as river basin organisations, to secure public policy integration, and the assumptions in adaptive governance in favour of informal collaboration between essentially independent policy actors. To clarify this relationship, this article draws on theoretical research on public policy integration, and uses these insights in an empirical setting to identify mechanisms that can facilitate effective policy integration for adaptive water governance. The research is based on recent attempts in Scotland to implement IWRM ideas to improve flood management. Several governance mechanisms were adopted to facilitate the integration of flood, water and rural land use policies. Six Scottish policy regimes are analysed using documentary sources and interviews. Results challenge the idea that collaboration should primarily be built on either river basin organisations or informal mechanisms. We identify a mix of informal and statutory-based mechanisms which may secure political and technocratic commitment to policy integration. 相似文献
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欧洲水管理实践对中国流域水环境管理的启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对流域水环境管理的顶层设计,Water Framework Directive(WFD)是一部具有法律约束力的水框架法令,已成为欧洲水环境管理的有效的工具,实现了流域水环境的经济和生态的协调、综合管理。综述了欧洲水框架指令WFD研究进展,介绍了WFD提出的背景、要点、编制路线图和相应WFD水环境管理经验,对了解和掌握国际先进的流域水环境管理经验和最新形势具有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
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五日生化需氧量是一种表间接表示水体中有机物含量,是水质监测的一个重要参数。本文对水样的保存、溶解氧、pH值、温度、接种稀释水和稀释度等影响测定五日生化需氧量成败的因素进行探讨,并提出相应的解决方法。 相似文献
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辽宁省辽河流域污染现状与对策 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9
分析辽河流域地表水、地下水及水库水质现状,从保证生态需水、提高水体自净能力出发提出了适当减小开发利用率和合理安排工业布局等措施,并提出了污染物总量控制、加强工业点源与农业面源污染的综合治理,针对辽河流域地表水质已经严重污染的事实提出了实施水生态修复工程的建议。 相似文献
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The continuing conundrum of the LEA proteins 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Research into late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins has been ongoing for more than 20 years but, although there is a strong association of LEA proteins with abiotic stress tolerance particularly dehydration and cold stress, for most of that time, their function has been entirely obscure. After their initial discovery in plant seeds, three major groups (numbered 1, 2 and 3) of LEA proteins have been described in a range of different plants and plant tissues. Homologues of groups 1 and 3 proteins have also been found in bacteria and in certain invertebrates. In this review, we present some new data, survey the biochemistry, biophysics and bioinformatics of the LEA proteins and highlight several possible functions. These include roles as antioxidants and as membrane and protein stabilisers during water stress, either by direct interaction or by acting as molecular shields. Along with other hydrophilic proteins and compatible solutes, LEA proteins might also serve as “space fillers” to prevent cellular collapse at low water activities. This multifunctional capacity of the LEA proteins is probably attributable in part to their structural plasticity, as they are largely lacking in secondary structure in the fully hydrated state, but can become more folded during water stress and/or through association with membrane surfaces. The challenge now facing researchers investigating these enigmatic proteins is to make sense of the various in vitro defined functions in the living cell: Are the LEA proteins truly multi-talented, or are they still just misunderstood? 相似文献