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141.
Robert T. LackeyAuthor vitae 《Environmental Science & Policy》1998,1(4):329-335
Fisheries management is the practice of analyzing and selecting options to maintain or alter the structure, dynamics, and interaction of habitat, aquatic biota, and man to achieve human goals and objectives. The theory of fisheries management is: managers or decision makers attempt to maximize renewable `output' from an aquatic resource by choosing from among a set of decision options and applying a set of actions that generate an array of outputs. Outputs may be defined as a tangible catch, a fishing experience, an existence value, or anything else produced or supported by renewable aquatic resources. Overall output is always a mix of tangible and intangible elements. However defined, management goals and objectives are essential components of fisheries management or any other field of renewable natural resource management. Reaching consensus on management goals and objectives has never been a simple task. Beyond the broad and often conflicting goals of an agency, managers must decide who should set specific management objectives — agency personnel, the public, or a combination of the two. Historically, rhetoric aside, fisheries managers in North America nearly always have consulted with professionals in governmental roles to set management objectives. In a strongly pluralistic society, this often resulted in protracted political and legal conflict. Increasingly, there are calls for use of risk assessment to help solve such ecological policy and management problems commonly encountered in fisheries management. The basic concepts of ecological risk assessment may be simple, but the jargon and details are not. Risk assessment (and similar analytical tools) is a concept that has evoked strong reactions whenever it has been used. In spite of the difficulties of defining problems and setting management objectives for complex ecological policy questions, use of risk assessment to help solve ecological problems is widely supported. Ecological risk assessment will be most useful (and objective) in political deliberations when the policy debate revolves around largely technical concerns. To the extent that risk assessment forces policy debate and disagreement toward fundamental differences rather than superficial ones, it will be useful in decision making. 相似文献
142.
环境突发性事故采样的注意要点 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据环境突发性事故的特点,以作者工作经验,就事故采样的完整、典型,及时性以及样品保存4个方面,结合实例进行论述。 相似文献
143.
国内外环境监测分析的现状和发展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从实验室分析仪器和技术、与污染物总量控制有关的自动监测系统和技术,与应急事故监测有关的现场简易监测分析仪器和技术等方面概括介绍了环境监测分析仪器和技术的现状与发展,并概要介绍了日美及中国环境监测分析产业的现状与发展。 相似文献
144.
我国环境法制建设从环境立法向环境执法转变,执法不力成为最大障碍.联系近几年连续开展的环境执法检查实践,从经济理论角度分析执法不力的成因,探讨强化环境监督管理、规范执法行为、消除经济障碍的对策. 相似文献
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147.
大运河常州段水质变化及其影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据目前已建立的基本水质数据库,对大运河常州段的水质现状和趋势作了分析。利用质量平衡,建立了污染物量和水质之间的直观关系,发展了繁忙的机动船只动输运河产生油污染的同时,会对水体中溶解氧产生有的贡献。 相似文献
148.
预防水体黑臭的水质指标研究 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
水体黑臭的指标,是研究其成因,判断其黑芨科学合理地管理水体的重要内容,该文选择了与一黑臭生化过程有关的的一些参数,进行了理场和模拟试验测定研究,结果证明DO、BOD5、硫酸还原菌数等,与水体黑臭具有较好的相关性。水体黑臭与不黑臭的临界指标为:CH-21.5,DO=1.8mg/L,N=2000个/ml,BOD5=14mg/L。 相似文献
149.
Product-oriented Environmental Management Systems (P-EMS) are a logical extension of current, often primarily process- of facility-oriented Environmental Management Systems. The Dutch government promotes P-EMS as part of its product-oriented environmental policies. The idea of P-EMS is to enable producers to make environmentally responsible decisions on product development and product strategies, in collaboration with suppliers and customers. This paper summarises example P-EMS projects in The Netherlands for two segments of industry, namely retail and manufacturing industry. Moreover two other initiatives will be covered that deal with the development of tools to facilitate P-EMS in two other industry sectors (food processing and building). Success factors that emerge from these initial experiences are: focus on partners that have a strong incentive to act, application of screening Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) or user-shells for LCA, and focus on improvements that can be implemented on the short term. 相似文献
150.
环境统计工作存在的问题:指标体系设置不合理、数据时效性差、数据质量不高、统计人员流动性大,采取的措施:精简完善指标体系、规范工作程序和审核办法、抓好统计范围、污染源监测及数据核查提高数据质量、加强统计队伍建设等。 相似文献