城市大气污染物浓度预测模糊识别理论与模型

根据大气污染物的浓度具有模糊性且与多种指标相关的特点，提出对其进行预测的模糊识别理论与模型，并以二氧化硫为例，由２５个预测点大气中ＳＯ２浓度和相关指标的实测资料，利用上述理论与模型得出最优模糊预测参数，并对其它５个观测点的ＳＯ２浓度进行了预测检验。     

Enhanced cyanogen chloride formation after UV/PS and UV/H2O2 pre-oxidation and chlorination in natural river water

Ultraviolet/persulfate (UV/PS) and Ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂) have attracted much attention in recent years as advanced oxidation processes for water treatment. However, it is not all clear how these two methods affect the formation of cyanogen chloride (CNCl) in the subsequent water chlorination process. In this study, it was found that both UV/H₂O₂ and UV/PS pre-oxidation promoted the formation of CNCl in six actual water samples collected from urban rivers. Glycine, uric acid, arginine and histidine were investigated as the model compounds to explore the effects of different methods on the production of CNCl. The results showed that compared with chlorination alone, pre-oxidation by UV/H₂O₂ and UV/PS can reduce the production of CNCl for glycine and uric acid by up to 95% during post-chlorination process. However, they can greatly promote the formation of CNCl for arginine and histidine by up to 120-fold. In a more detailed investigation, pre-oxidation of histidine formed highly reactive intermediates to chlorine, leading to increased CNCl formation and chlorine consumption. The results showed that the precursors of CNCl was altered after pre-oxidation, and need to be re-evaluated.     

Optimising the environmental benefits of emission reductions from UK coal- and oil-fired power stations: a critical loads approach

This paper describes a method for determining reductions of SO₂ emissions from coal- and oil-fired power stations, oil refineries and large industrial units in the UK taking into account their pollution potential. The method is based on the use of two gridded data sets: critical loads, which represent the sensitivity of the environment to acid deposition and modelled estimates of total (wet + dry) sulphur deposition for 646 point sources within the UK. An iterative method is used to identify and subsequently reduce emissions from point sources that contribute most to areas of critical loads exceedance. This paper demonstrates how the method may be used to determine an optimal allocation of emissions across the UK which yields the maximum amount of environmental protection per unit of emission.The paper then goes on to consider the changes that will have to take place within the UK power generation industry in order to meet the revised EC Large Combustion Plant Directive which comes into force on 1 January 2008. Particular emphasis is placed upon proposed emissions trading schemes and the environmental implications of allowing trading between stations with high and low pollution potentials. The paper concludes by suggesting that the emissions trading process should take into account the pollution potential of each source, irrespective of whether the proposed emission is within the plant's agreed emission limit. An approach based entirely on minimizing environmental damage rather than one which takes cost into account, as in current integrated assessment modelling, could provide an interesting approach across the rest of Europe.     

总量控制和排污许可证及清洁生产的相关性分析

总量控制、排污许可证、清洁生产的实施是控制排污单位污染物排放总量,使排污单位污染物排放量降为最低,对环境的影响降为最小,促进排污单位经济发展的重要保障。对总量控制、排污许可证、清洁生产之间相关性的分析,将三者有机结合,充分发挥各项制度和法规的最大效应,可使环境管理上一个新台阶。     

戴明循环理论在规划环评工作程序中的应用初探

通过分析现阶段我国规划环评的现状和存在的问题,结合国内外规划环评及其工作程序的研究成果,提出使用戴明循环理论对现阶段的规划环评工作程序进行改进,使程序层次化、工作细分化,增强整个规划环评工作的可操作性,使规划环评工作落实到单位和人,明确责任,减少部门间冲突.戴明循环理论的引入,提高规划环评的评价效果和效率,为规划环评提供了一个有效科学的评价方法,有助于规划环评的顺利开展,使环境问题从源头上得到控制,适应建设和谐社会的需要.     

水环境监测点位优化数学模型探讨

根据雨山湖的环境特征和水质状况,在加密监测获取更多的信息的基础上应用多元统计定量分析,选用主成份分析统计模式,用编制计算机程序处理数据,获得优化点数和确定点位.经可靠性检验证明优化方案完全能满足环境监测和环境管理的要求.     

目前环境污染治理存在的问题及对策

本文论述了目前环境污染治理技术及其在应用中存在的问题。由于环境污染治理技术本身的局限性以及人们观念等原因 ,目前的环境污染治理存在一定的局限性 ,如何认识并克服它成为一个不容忽视的问题 ;并提出有实施污染治理过程中 ,必须用持续发展的理论进行指导 ,将污染物的污染防治战略转变为污染防止战略即“清洁生产”战略     

氟化物在包气带中动态吸附模型的试验研究

从质量作用定律出发 ,根据土柱淋滤试验的原理和方法 ,通过对氟化物在包气带地层中的吸附、迁移规律的总结和研究 ,提出了污染的动态吸附模型及吸附参数的确定方法 ,并采用相关系数检验法予以确定     

无机高分子铝盐絮凝剂的研究进展

对近年来无机高分子复合铝盐絮凝剂的研究进展及其在水处理中的应用进行了综合评述，并对今后无机高分子复合铝盐絮凝剂的发展方向提出了建议。     

太湖水污染近期变动趋势及对策建议

太湖水污染是公众普遍关心的环境问题之一。根据近3年调查资料,对太湖水污染治理措施(工业污染源达标排放、城市污水处理厂的建设、畜禽和水产养殖污水的治理、河道清淤和引水工程、农业面源治理及禁用含磷洗涤剂等)、水质变动趋势及影响太湖水质变化的原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策建议,以期为太湖水污染的进一步治理提供科学依据。