流域水资源开发与饮用水源地保护实例分析

随着工业化与城市化的发展,流域开发对水资源的需求总量与质量在不断提高。与此同时,工业废水、生活污水、禽畜养殖废水等排放量却在迅速增加,大量未经处理的污废水直接排入周围水体,造成水体利用功能下降,严重危及水资源安全。在潭江流域水资源调查中发现,目前潭江流域面临着流域发展对资源的需求增加与水质下降这一双重问题,流域饮用水源地优先保护与水资源持续利用已成为潭江流域开发研究的重要内容。通过对潭江流域水资源利用现状、特点与存在问题的分析,提出了相应水资源持续利用与饮用水源地保护的对策与措施。     

复杂岩溶矿床延深水平涌水量的预测

随着岩溶矿床的延深开采,矿坑涌水量的计算成为防治水害首先要解决的难题。文章创造性地采用国外广泛采用的岩溶水衰减动态分析法,选择了我国南方复杂岩溶含水层中有代表性的重庆市红岩煤矿,将丛林采区茅口组岩溶水动力单元和该单元南大巷(标高+370 m)的茅口灰岩岩溶含水层的主要排水点-1号突水点作为研究对象,建立了该单元岩溶含水层的计算模型-衰减动态(流量和水位)方程,求出了岩溶水动力单元水均衡、地下水储量计算和矿坑涌水量预测的水文地质参数:a、T、K、S、μ、Ie,建立了该单元岩溶裂隙-管道水的水均衡方程, 根据连续观察一个水文年以上的丰富地下水动态资料,预测了红岩煤矿370 m标高以下的延伸开采水平(295- 370 m)矿坑涌水量。     

有关pH值预测模式的探讨

对目前使用较为常见的ｐＨ预测模式和方法进行了分析探讨，提出了各自的适用和范围和存在问题，并提出了比较合理的ｐＨ值预测模式和方法．     

南水北调湖北库区水污染防治对策研究

进行了南水北调湖北库区水污染防治对策研究，结果认为，库区主要环境问题是ＣＯＤ及富营养化物质污染，个别河流存在，着汞污染问题，综合整 重点是加强重点工业源ＣＯＤ治理与生活污水集中处理，通过协调上下游关系解决汞污染问题；在工程治理的基础上尚需加强管理，推行总量控制排污许可证制度使库区各河流满足中线工程提出的水质标准。     

The European Water Framework Directive: Water Quality Classification and Implications to Engineering Planning

The European Water framework directive (WFD) is probably the most important environmental management directive that has been enacted over the last decade in the European Union. The directive aims at achieving an overall good ecological status in all European water bodies. In this article, we discuss the implementation steps of the WFD and their implications for environmental engineering practice while focusing on rivers as the main receiving waters. Arising challenges for engineers and scientists are seen in the quantitative assessment of water quality, where standardized systems are needed to estimate the biological status. This is equally of concern in engineering planning, where the prediction of ecological impacts is required. Studies dealing with both classification and prediction of the ecological water quality are reviewed. Further, the combined emission–water quality approach is discussed. Common understanding of this combined approach is to apply the most stringent of either water quality or emission standard to a certain case. In contrast, for example, the Austrian water act enables the application of only the water quality based approach - at least on a temporary basis.     

试论城市水环境的建设

本文通过对城市水环境的形成以及加强水环境建设对整个城市建设舒适度的影响和作用的剖析,试着引用了一种国际上较为流行的对河流综合整治的方法,对秦皇岛城市水环境建设提出了一点建议。     

我国城市污水回用现状及前景

通过对我国水资源状况和不处理状况的论述，说明了我国城市污水回用的紧迫性、必要性，分析了我国城市污水利用的现状和回用水利用的模式，提出了下一步应解决的问题的思路，展望了我国城市污水回用的前景，以实现水资源开发利用的可持续性发展。     

Multivariate Analysis of the Ecoregion Delineation for Aquatic Systems

The ecoregion concept is a popular method of understanding the spatial distribution of the environment', however, it has yet to be adequately demonstrated that the environment is distributed in accordance with these bounded units. In this paper, we generated a testable hypothesis based on the current usage of ecoregions: the ecoregion classification will allow for discrimination between lakes of different water quality. The ecoregion classification should also be more effective better than a comparably scaled classification based on political boundaries, land-use class, or random grouping. To test this hypothesis we used the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) lake water chemistry data from the northeast United States. The water chemistry data were reduced to four components using principal component analysis. For comparison to an optimal grouping of these data we used K-means cluster analysis to define the extent at which these lakes could be segregated into distinct classes. Jackknifed discriminant analysis was used to determine the classification rate of ecoregions, the three alternative spatial classification methods, and the clustering algorithm. The classification based on ecoregions was successful for 35% of the lakes included in this study, in comparison to the clustered groups accuracy of 98%. These results suggest that the large scale spatial distribution of ecosystem types is more complicated than that suggested by the present ecoregion boundaries. Further tests of ecoregion delineations are needed and alternative large-scale management strategies should be investigated.     

Securing water for people, crops, and ecosystems: New mindset and new priorities

A fundamentally new approach to water and human development will be needed during this new century if we are to secure sufficient freshwater to meet the needs of some 9 billion people while at the same time protecting the critical ecosystem services upon which the human economy depends. Signs of unsustainable water use — including falling water tables, shrinking lakes, and the drying up of rivers and streams — are widespread and spreading. In many regions, greater modification and appropriation of freshwater systems for human purposes will yield greater costs than benefits and create the risk of irreversible losses of species and ecosystem services. A new mindset is needed to guide water use and management in this new century, one that views the human water economy as a subset of nature's water economy. Living within nature's limits will require that societies satisfy the basic needs of people and ecosystems before non-essential water demands are met. It will require on the order of a doubling of water productivity. And it will require stronger institutions to encourage equitable sharing of water to alleviate tensions within and between countries.     

关于创建节水型城市的探讨

为了有效的缓解目前我国城市水资源严重短缺的现状，国家提出了大力创建节水型城市口号。为了对实践工作有一定的指导作用，本文重点对节水及节水型城市的内涵进行了剖析，特别对节水型城市内涵提出了自己的见解。以此同时，运用上述的理论，分析了目前我国在创建节水型城市工作中存在的主要问题，并结合国外节水的经验，提出了有建设性的几点建议。