环境水体中痕量酚类化合物气相色谱-质谱联用测定法研究

建立了液-液萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用仪测定环境水体中痕量酚类化合物的方法。用乙酸乙酯萃取环境水中的痕量酚类化合物,加入萘-d8作为内标,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪选择离子监测(SIM)的方式进行检测,内标法定量,定性、定量准确,线性响应良好,回归曲线的相关系数均>0.999,平均回收率在89.4%~104%之间,精密度好,相对标准偏差<7.4%;抗干扰能力强,检测灵敏度高,水样中最低检测浓度可达0.001mg/L,经实际样品测定完全能满足环境水体中痕量酚类化合物监测的要求。     

我区城市污水处理程度探讨

建立城市污水处理厂处理污水,是城市发展的必然趋势,而处理级别及处理后水的去向及用途是关系到环境保护和资源得到充分利用的关键,针对我区干旱缺水,灌溉农业特征及天然水域的特点,就污水处理级别排水的用途提出一些看法。     

DDTC—TX—100胶束增溶直接光度法测定水中低含量铜

ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００对ＤＤＴＣ（二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠）与铜反应生成的络合物Ｃｕ（ＤＤＴＣ）２有增溶增敏作用,建立了低含量铜直接光度测定法。操作简便快速,选择性、精密度和回收率均较好,相对标准偏差为０８％～４３％,回收率为９６％～１０６％,摩尔吸光系数ε＝６４×１０３Ｌ／（ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ     

纸片法快速测定水质总大肠菌群

简要介绍了纸片法测定水质总大肠菌群的操作方法,并通过６个实验室的验证试验,研究了纸片法与现行标准方法（多管法）的一致性。结果表明,２种方法的测定结果基本一致,无显著性差异,但纸片法测定周期比多管法缩短了２ｄ,仅需１ｄ即可。     

用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术检测乌鲁木齐河水质

应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术对乌鲁木齐水质进行检测,测定各样点水样诱导的蚕豆根尖微核千分率及综合污染指数,并进行Ｆ检验,结果表明,各样点ＭＣＮ‰有显著性差异,２０个样点中有１１个样点 的综合污染指数大于２,４个样点水样的综合污染指数大于３．５,和对照组相比有显著差异。所获得数据表明乌鲁木齐河水质受到较为了严重的致突变性污染。     

双流县金马河饮用水源地水质自动监测系统介绍

为了及时、准确地掌握金马河水质状况,预警重大或流域性水质污染事件,确保饮用水水源地安全,双流县于2008年建立了县级饮用水源水质自动监测系统。本文详细介绍了水质自动监测系统的组成和特点,为其他水质自动系统的构建提供了有益的参考。     

便携式水质采样器的研制与应用

本文阐述了一种新型便携式水质采样器（实用新型专利ZL20082004001．9）的研制过程。介绍了采样器的工作原理、结构组成、技术特点,分析了其适用性。该采样器的主要优点是便携性好,使用方便,采样定位准确,所采水样均匀性好,并有效解决了低水位排污口的采样难题。     

Putting the cart before the horse: Water governance and IWRM

Water governance has emerged as perhaps the most important topic of the international water community in the 21^st century, and achieving “good” water governance is now a focus of both policy discourse and innumerable development projects. Somewhat surprisingly in light of this attention, there is widespread confusion about the meaning of the term “water governance”. This paper reviews the history of the term's use and misuse to reveal how the concept is frequently inflated to include issues that go well beyond governance. Further, it highlights how calls to improve water governance often espouse predetermined goals that should instead be the very function of water governance to define. To help overcome this confusion, the paper suggests a more refined definition of water governance and related qualities of good water governance that are consistent with broader notions of the concepts. In light of the substantial resources allocated in its name, this paper's findings show there is significant potential to strengthen efforts at improving water governance.     

Point‐Nonpoint Trading – Can It Work?1

Ribaudo, Marc O. and Jessica Gottlieb, 2011. Point‐Nonpoint Trading – Can It Work? Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):5‐14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00454.x Abstract: Water quality trading between point and nonpoint sources is of great interest as an alternative to strict command and control regulations on point sources for achieving water quality goals. The expectation is that trading will reduce the costs of water quality protection, and may speed compliance. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has issued guidance to the States on developing point‐nonpoint trading programs, and United States Department of Agriculture is encouraging farmer participation. However, existing point‐nonpoint trading programs have resulted in very few trades. Supply side and demand side impediments seem to be preventing trades from occurring in most trading programs. These include uncertainty over the number of discharge allowances different management practices can produce, high transactions costs of identifying trading partners, baseline requirements that eliminate low‐cost credits, the reluctance of point sources to trade with unfamiliar agents, and the perception of some farmers that entering contracts with regulated point sources leads to greater scrutiny and potential future regulation. Many of these problems can be addressed through research and program design.     

Application of the target fish community model to an urban river system

Several models have been developed to assess the biological integrity of aquatic systems using fish community data. One of these, the target fish community (TFC) model, has been used primarily to assess the biological integrity of larger, mainstem rivers in southern New England with basins characterized by dispersed human activities. We tested the efficacy of the TFC approach to specify the fish community in the highly urbanized Charles River watershed in eastern Massachusetts. To create a TFC for the Charles River we assembled a list of fish species that historically inhabited the Charles River watershed, identified geomorphically and zoogeographically similar reference rivers regarded as being in high quality condition, amassed fish survey data for the reference rivers, and extracted from the collections the information needed to define a TFC. We used a similarity measurement method to assess the extent to which the study river community complies with the TFC and an inference approach to summarize the manner in which the existing fish community differed from target conditions. The five most abundant species in the TFC were common shiners (34%), fallfish (17%) redbreast sunfish (11%), white suckers (8%), and American eel (7%). Three of the five species predicted to be most abundant in the TFC were scarce or absent in the existing river community. Further, the river was dominated by macrohabitat generalists (99%) while the TFC was predicted to contain 19% fluvial specialist species, 43% fluvial dependent species, and 38% macrohabitat generalist species. In addition, while the target community was dominated by fish intolerant (37%) and moderately tolerant (39%) of water quality degradation, the existing community was dominated by tolerant individuals (59%) and lacked intolerant species expected in the TFC. Similarity scores for species, habitat use specialization, and water quality degradation tolerance categories were 28%, 35% and 66%, respectively. The clear pattern of deviations from target conditions when observing fish habitat requirements strongly suggests that physical habitat change should be a priority for river enhancement in the Charles River. Comparison of our target and existing fish communities to those from a comprehensive study of Northeastern fish assemblage responses to urban intensity gradients revealed very similar results. Likewise, comparison of our TFC community and affinity scores to those of other TFCs from similar regions also yielded similar results and encouraging findings. Based on the positive results of these comparisons, the utility of the findings from the inference approach, and the widespread adoption of the TFC in the Northeast US, it appears that the TFC approach can be used effectively to identify the composition of a healthy fish community and guide river enhancements in both highly urbanized and non-urbanized streams and rivers in the Northeast US.