芦山地震灾区生态补偿对策研究

芦山大地震造成了巨大的生态破坏,导致了生态系统发生退化,尤其是地形条件极其复杂的山地生态系统退化更加严重。由于地震而引发的次生灾害对于山地生态系统的影响也非常显著。生态系统及其服务的可持续性是人类社会可持续发展的决定性约束因素,震后人类赖以生存与发展的自然环境面临威胁。因此,修复生态系统,实施生态补偿是震后保护生态环境问题的迫切需要。文章分析了芦山地震对灾区生态环境及自然保护区的影响,提出了震后生态补偿的思路、重难点和对策建议,以供雅安灾后生态重建借鉴。     

汶川地震典型教学楼附加BRB支撑防倒塌加固效果分析

以汶川地震震中附近的一栋典型RC框架结构为背景,采用BRB支撑加固来增强其抗震能力,并采用基于动力增量分析(IDA)的地震倒塌易损性分析方法,对加固后的抗倒塌能力及其影响参数进行了分析。结果显示,以结构抗倒塌能力为目标,BRB支撑方案的加固效果要好于普通支撑加固方案,相同参数情况下,A形支撑布置方案的加固效果好于X形支撑布置方案。     

New energy policy and low-carbon society in Japan after the Great East Japan Earthquake

The Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 devastated the eastern region of Japan.Due to the resulting nuclear accident,Japanese Cabinet decided to revise its energy policies.The Energy and Environment Council in National Policy Unit published options on the nation’s scenarios for energy and economy in 2030.We estimated the economic impacts of the options to national economy and households in 2030.Finally,we clarified significant factors to establish a secure,affluent and low-carbon society based on the energy scenarios.     

灾后承接非政府组织援助系统工程的综合集成模式——以汶川8.0级地震为例

分析了承接非政府组织(NGO)援助复杂巨系统的框架结构、时空结构、运行结构及整体特性;提出了地震灾后承接援助系统工程的综合集成模式;分别就承接援建集成工程的运作模式和具体实施框架进行了讨论;就援建系统工程、迎建系统工程、应急组织系统工程和保障系统工程等具体实施工程做了细致的阐述。     

罗江县水库土坝汶川大地震震害调查与分析

5· 12汶川8.0级大地震对德阳市罗江县的水库造成了不同程度的破坏,经济损失严重,若水库出现溃坝现象,将会带来更大的损失.对罗江县19座高危以上险情水库的土坝震害进行了调查研究,发现典型的震害现象包括裂缝、渗漏、防浪墙损坏以及泄水建筑物和附属设施的损毁等.根据水库土坝的震前病害调查资料可以看出:水库土坝在地震前多是带...     

新疆乌恰—伽师地区强震活动与防震减灾对策初步研究

新疆乌恰—伽师地区由于其特殊的地理位置和复杂的构造环境，频繁发生强震。本文对该区域构造、现代应力场的分布和强震活动特征以及这样一个地震重灾区的防震减灾对策进行了初步分析研究。区内活动构造极为发育，为强震活动提供了背景；强震震源机制解研究表明，区内主要受近南北向的水平压应力为主，震源断错具有不同性质。近半个世纪以来该区遭受多次７级强震、数次６级地震灾害，特别是１９９７年１月２１日至４月１６日伽师县连续发生７次６级强震，给该县造成了巨大的经济损失并严重影响了社会经济发展。文中就如何提高该区防御地震能力，减轻震害损失提出了几点具体对策和适合该区大震应急的实施办法，可供乌恰—伽师多震区综合防震减灾工作参考。     

A building education programme in North Yemen

In December 1982 the central highlands of the Yemen Arab Republic suffered an earthquake that caused extensive damage to traditional buildings in the area. In the aftermath of the relief effort for victims of the disaster, a project was set up to provide local builders with simple information about the means of strengthening homes. This education programme has now been running for almost three years. This report describes the activities of the project, and assesses some of the issues that emerge from this kind of education work, and the methods that have been used.     

日本兵库县南部地震中生命线系统的震害及其震后恢复

分析、介绍了兵库县南部地震中电力、通信、供水、煤气供用等生命线系统所遭受的破坏、震后采取的恢复重建措施和一个月内的恢复进展情况，总结了不同生命线工程的受灾规律和修复特点，在此基础上对制定城市抗震规范，作好城市抗震救灾工作提出了建议。     

复合工程系统灾害反应分析与系统控制

防灾工程研究正在循着结构、系统、复合工程系统的轨迹向前迈进。本文综述了复合工程系统灾害反应分析方法与灾场系统控制的研究进展。着重介绍了离散事件动态系统的基本方法及其在复合工程系统地震灾害研究中的应用。指出了这一方向近期内的可能进展。     

Losses from the Northridge earthquake: disruption to high-technology industries in the Los Angeles Basin

This study explores the relationship between industrial location geography, metropolitan patterns and earthquake disasters. Production losses from the 1994 Northridge earthquake to the Los Angeles Basin's most important high-technology industrial sector are evaluated in the context of that area's polycentric metropolitan form. Locations for each one of the Los Angeles Basin's 1,126 advanced electronics manufacturing establishments were identified and mapped, providing an indication of the patterns and clusters of the industry. An extensive survey of those establishments gathered information on disruptions from the Northridge earthquake. Production losses were then estimated, based on the sampled plants' lost workdays and the earthquake's distance-decay effects. A conservative estimate of total production losses to establishments in seven four-digit SIC advanced electronics industrial groups placed their value at US$220.4 million. Based on this estimate of losses, it is concluded that the Northridge earthquake's economic losses were much higher than initially anticipated.