汶川地震特大型滑坡分布特征研究

2008年"5.12"汶川特大地震引发了数以万计的滑坡、崩塌、危岩等次生地质灾害,对灾区人民生命财产造成了惨痛损失.尤其是破坏面积大、危害范围广的特大型滑坡,给人们生命财产造成了巨大灾难,而且潜在危险性仍然存在.笔者通过实地调查、资料查阅等方式搜集统计了汶川地震区的特大型滑坡并对其分布特征作了较为全面的归纳总结和分析研究.     

基于事件法研究巨灾对我国上市公司的影响——以汶川8.0级地震为例

采用事件法分析了2008年汶川8.0级地震对四川省上市公司的影响。首先,选取建筑、电力、化工行业上市公司为样本,计算分析样本上市公司股票日平均异常收益率(AR)和累积异常收益率(CAR)的波动情况,然后对其进行检验;结果表明:地震灾害对不同行业上市公司的影响时间和程度都不尽相同,对建筑行业上市公司有正面影响,对电力行业和化工行业上市公司有较大负面影响。最后,总结分析巨灾对上市公司影响,借鉴国外经验,考虑我国巨灾风险管理国情,提出构建我国上市公司巨灾风险管理建议。     

地震对城乡地表水水质长期影响分析——以四川省宝兴县为例

为研究地震前后地表水水质变化规律,以2013年4月20日雅安地震重灾区—宝兴县地表水水质变化为例,对2012 ～2019年宝兴县赵家坝断面地表水水质监测数据收集整理,单因子评价法、污染指数法(单项污染指数、综合污染指数和有机污染综合指数)和水质指数模式优化法对地震前后地表水质进行分析.结果 表明,此次地震引起水体中污染...     

Towards an earthquake-resilient world: from post-disaster reconstruction to pre-disaster prevention

ABSTRACT

Destructive earthquakes in urban or rural areas around the world have caused severe damage to local societies. Pre-disaster prevention and post-disaster reconstruction can significantly reduce the impact of earthquakes on communities. To explore the popular research topics and trends in this area, CiteSpace was used to develop a knowledge map visualization. It was found that the main research into earthquake disaster prevention and reconstruction has been focused on disaster risk reduction planning, disaster mitigation knowledge, participatory disaster governance, and community resilience building. In this Special Issue, there were six distinctive earthquake disaster research papers that covered scientific, social, and institutional aspects. It was concluded that to reduce the effects of earthquake disasters, an interdisciplinary research approach and systems thinking is needed. The investigation also revealed that there has been a paradigm shift from post-disaster reconstruction to pre-disaster prevention to build community and urban resilience.     

The geo-genetic status of earthquake-related hazards and the role of human and policy dimensions in impact mitigation

ABSTRACT

Earthquakes occur in and around active lithospheric-plate margins that are located both in diverging and converging plate-settings. New fault rupture or old active fault reactivation can cause ground shaking, land deformation, land subsidence, landslides, and mass avalanches. The relevant locations of major risk centres around the world are well known. However, the parameters such as trend, pattern, frequency and magnitude are highly variable and very difficult to determine and predict. One result is that many fundamental and universal scientific achievements for mitigating earthquake hazard have often failed in protecting and safe-guarding human life and property. Although naturally occurring events cannot be prevented nevertheless loss of life and property damage could be minimized if an integrated effort and using the wisdom of the relevant professionals are practiced. A paradigm shift of the culture from post-disaster relief and rehabilitation to pre-disaster preparation and practice would reduce the level of destruction from an impending earthquake. Requisite pre-disaster physical planning and appropriate building measures, and pre- and post-disaster risk management should give special attention to public awareness programmes for loss mitigation. However, the fundamental requirement for such achievement is dedicated approach and commitment from the planner, practitioners and end-users of risk mitigation actions.