由汶川抗震诗歌大潮看中国古代地震诗歌

2008年"5·12"汶川大地震后,我国出现了前所未有的诗歌大潮,以此为契机,向我国古代诗歌纵深领域延伸,对我国古代地震诗歌进行初步探析。本文通过梳理我国各个文学时期的地震诗歌代表作,归纳出古代地震诗歌在内容上的共同特点:即,宏观描写地震景况和关注个体生命并存;将地震灾害与当朝政治密切联系并以此警示、改良政治;能够意识到人自身抗击灾害的力量并表现出可贵的乐观和自信。     

以高架桥、隧道为枢纽的交通结构震害初探——以立体交通城市重庆为例

以重庆市的地震构造为背景,结合重庆市地震台测震数据阐述了重庆市地震活动情况,介绍了重庆市以高架桥、隧道为枢纽的立体交通方式,分析了各种交通制式在大震下的破坏方式以及破坏程度,针对在建或加固的交通工程提出了建设性意见。     

5·12汶川地震后陇南山区典型滑坡调查分析

本文以甘肃省北峪河流域的三家地滑坡、红土坡滑坡、曾家街滑坡作为主要研究对象,通过对上述三个典型滑坡的野外实地测量,结合对当地民众的走访以及在当地政府部门获取的相关数据,归纳分析得出该地区滑坡灾害的主要诱发因素,及其给人们带来的影响。     

宋代地震灾害与政府应对

地震灾害是给人类社会造成极大破坏的自然灾害之一。根据《宋史》等书记载,对宋代320年间的地震灾害进行初步的统计和分析,以认识两宋地震灾害的基本状况。地震发生后,宋朝政府积极展开救灾与论政,以帮助灾区度过困难并总结治国方略得失,以增强政府抵御灾害的能力。     

Building community resilience: business preparedness lessons in the case of Adapazarı, Turkey

The lack of attention paid to businesses in disaster management systems from the standpoint of state policies hampers efforts to build community resilience. This paper examines, therefore, the extent of business preparedness for disasters. Empirical research was conducted in Adapazarı, Turkey, 13 years after the İzmit earthquake, which struck the northwest of the country on 17 August 1999, claiming the lives of some 17,000 people. For the study, 232 firms were selected to inquire about their preparedness before and after the event. It is hypothesised that business preparedness is influenced by the following set of variables: business size; business sector; business age; financial condition prior to the disaster; occupancy tenure; market range; education level; and previous disaster experience. In line with the findings of the research, a policy framework is constructed to rationalise the allocation of resources for building resilience at the aggregate level by facilitating business preparedness.     

The orientation of disaster donations: differences in the global response to five major earthquakes

This study analyses the influence of gift giving, geographical location, political regime, and trade openness on disaster donation decisions, using five severe earthquakes that occurred between 2008 and 2012 as case studies. The results show that global disaster donation is not dominated by only philanthropy or trade interests, and that the determinants of donation decisions vary with the scale of the natural disaster and the characteristics of the disaster‐affected countries. While gift giving exists in the case of middle‐size earthquakes, political regimes play a very important part in the overall donation process. Countries with higher perceived corruption may donate more frequently, but those that are more democratic may be more generous in their donations. Generosity based on geographical proximity to the calamity is significant in the decision‐making process for most natural disasters, yet it may have a negative effect on donations in Latin America and the Caribbean.     

中小城镇防震减灾管理评价指标研究

依据中小城镇防震减灾管理体系,构建了中小城镇防震减灾管理评价指标体系,合理地确定了各个评价指标的相对权重,找出重点评价指标是制定防震减灾计划、行政监管与法律保障及建筑物和生命线工程抗震性能保证等,并给出具体的应用实例。对某特定中小城镇防震减灾管理能力进行模糊综合评价,评价结果揭示,中小城镇防震减灾管理的关键在于制定地方政府和社区防震减灾计划、建设规划管理和落实抗震法律法规及抗震设防要求等,最后给出了完善地方政府和社区等防震减灾计划、科学规划并合理选址、制定贯彻落实《防震减灾法》的地方配套法律法规、严格落实抗震设防要求等对策和建议。评价模型的推广应用将促进中小城镇防震减灾管理的系统化,提高中小城镇防震减灾管理的效率。     

基于贝叶斯网络的地震次生燃气管道泄漏事件链构建

地震次生燃气管道泄漏事件是导致地震灾害影响扩大的主要原因之一,为了解建 筑物内地震次生燃气管道泄漏事件的发展过程,参考国内外相关的文献和统计资料,确 定建筑物内地震次生燃气管道泄漏事件贝叶斯网络的节点变量和取值范围。根据节点变 量及其逻辑关联性构建贝叶斯网络结构图,通过对国内外研究数据的统计并结合专家经 验估算确定各节点变量的条件概率。利用贝叶斯网络工具计算建筑物属性和环境变量在 不同状态取值下建筑物遭受破坏、燃气泄漏、燃气扩散引发二次灾害等关键节点变量的 后验概率。通过实例分析得出,建筑结构和地震烈度是建筑物遭受破坏的主要影响因素 ,风速、大气稳定度对燃气扩散引发二次灾害有显著影响。     

An investigation into the socioeconomic aspects of two major earthquakes in Iran

An evaluation of the socioeconomic consequences of earthquakes is an essential part of the development of risk reduction and disaster management plans. However, these variables are not normally addressed sufficiently after strong earthquakes; researchers and relevant stakeholders focus primarily on the physical damage and casualties. The importance of the socioeconomic consequences of seismic events became clearer in Iran after the Bam earthquake on 26 December 2003, as demonstrated by the formulation and approval of various laws and ordinances. This paper reviews the country's regulatory framework in the light of the socioeconomic aspects of two major and destructive earthquakes: in Manjil–Rudbar in 1990, and in Bam in 2003. The results take the form of recommendations and practical strategies for incorporating the socioeconomic dimensions of earthquakes in disaster risk management planning. The results presented here can be applied in other countries with similar conditions to those of Iran in order to improve public preparedness and risk reduction.     

Rural residents and choice of building earthquake-resistant house: results of a choice experiment study

Rural settlements, especially in developing countries, are disproportionally vulnerable to natural hazards due to both biophysical and social vulnerability. Building hazard-resistant houses requires a thorough understanding of hazards and institutional and financial resources. However, it is equally important for planners and policymakers to know how rural residents make the tradeoff between various housing attributes when provided with the resources such as low-interest housing construction loans. In this study, we use a choice experiment (CE) to examine rural households' preference for earthquake resistance when building houses. A total of 300 households from randomly selected villages in central districts of Guilan Province in Iran were recruited for a CE study in which they had to choose between a number of houses that differed in terms of the required construction loan, resistance to earthquakes, size, and exterior and interior designs. Our results show that the average resident preferred larger houses with better exterior and interior designs to more earthquake-resistant houses, and is willing to spend more on these attributes than earthquake safety. These results indicate that rural households are willing to receive loans to improve their houses but that this does not translate into more earthquake-resistant houses.