西秦岭东段构造演化及成矿作用的讨论

在对西秦岭重点地区地质建造、结构构造等研究基础上 ,结合前人工作成果 ,对西秦岭造山带地质结构、构造演化及成矿作用等提出了新的认识 ,包括 :1,首次对前人在西秦岭北带厘定的晚泥盆世磨拉石地层 -大草滩群 (D3dc)进行分解 ,认为它是晚泥盆世滨浅海相砂岩、粉砂岩及碳酸盐岩在不同地段分别逆冲到二叠系、侏罗系及白垩系之上所形成的岩片叠置体系。并根据构造解析的原则 ,结合区域地层结构 ,将西秦岭北带构造 -地层体划分为三个单元 ,即上古生界 -中生界表构造层次准原地系统、古生界浅构造层次推覆岩片及元古界中深构造层次推覆岩片 ,它们相互叠置而成的西秦岭北带的岩片堆垛体系 ;2 ,对西秦岭西成矿田的研究表明 ,西成矿田的容矿地层不仅包括泥盆系 ,而且还包括元古宇 ,其中最大的矿床 -厂坝 -李家沟超大型铅锌矿床产于元古宇而不是泥盆系 ,西成矿田是后生热液矿床而不是海底喷流沉积矿床 ,它的形成完全受元古宇构造岩片由西向东的逆冲 -推覆及其所造成一系列构造效应所控制 ;3 ,西秦岭南带勉略构造带为一构造走滑体系 ,产于勉略带的蛇绿岩与产于勉略宁地块内部的蛇绿岩是同一时期、同一构造背景的产物 ,为中新元古代板快构造演化的记录 ,在南秦岭 ,不存在可靠的晚古生代蛇绿岩     

构建区域补偿机制促进西部生态建设

生态建设是西部大开发的首要任务和成败的关键，然而国家和社会受益者既给西部地区带来了一定的生态损害，也将从西部的生态建设中获取利益。因此，构建国家和社会受益者对西部的生态补偿机制，符合公平性的一般法理，也将会有力地推动西部生态建设的顺利进行。在此基础上，笔者提出了区域生态补偿机制的具体构想。     

Cu2+和Cu-EDTA对鲫鱼脑组织应激蛋白HSP70诱导的影响

以鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)作为实验对象,经过40d不同浓度铜(Cu²⁺)及其配合物(Cu-EDTA)的暴露后,运用SDS-PAGE和Western Blotting方法检测鱼脑组织内应激蛋白HSP70的诱导表达情况.结果表明:在实验浓度下,与对照组相比,Cu²⁺和Cu-EDTA对鱼脑内HSP70有显著的诱导(p<0.05),而将Cu²⁺和Cu-EDTA实验组相对比,络合剂EDTA一定程度上改变了Cu的生物可利用性,从而降低了其毒性.实验还发现,Cu²⁺浓度在国家渔业水质标准0.01mg/L下时,鱼脑组织内HSP70已经有明显的表达,说明运用分子生物学指标要比传统的环境监测指标更敏感,具有对污染物早期预警的作用.     

西昆仑山构造格架与成矿堆积环境

本文在对西昆仑山广布的岩浆岩尤其是花岗岩研究取得的成果基础上 ,结合区域构造、沉积建造等其它地质特征 ,再造了西昆仑山地质构造发展历程 ,进而研究了区内成矿堆积环境及其矿床地质特征。结果表明 ,西昆仑山经历了复杂的地质构造演化 ,是一条由北而南分别由加里东造山带、华力西造山带和燕山早期造山带组成的复合型造山带。区内存在以下 5种主要成矿堆积环境 :洋脊 (蛇绿岩 )成矿堆积环境 (塞浦路斯型含铜黄铁矿矿床 ,豆荚状铬、镍矿床 ) ,被动陆缘成矿堆积环境 (MVT铅锌矿床 ,Sedex型铅铜矿床 ) ,火山弧成矿堆积环境 (斑岩型铜矿床 ,黑矿型铜锌铅矿床 ,矽卡岩型铜铅锌多金属矿床 ) ,弧后盆地成矿堆积环境 (海底火山喷发沉积型铁铜金矿床 ,气液充填型铜金铁矿床 )和同碰撞成矿堆积环境 (伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床 ,伟晶岩型多金属银矿床 )     

喀喇昆仑山-西昆仑山地区晚新生代隆起过程及自然环境变化初探

喀喇昆仑山、西昆仑山及其山前地区的上新统与下更新统之间虽然为整合连续沉积,但两者岩相上存在着巨大差异,由此推论本区强烈隆起的时代为上新世末至第四纪初。早更新世与中更新世之间的构造运动使山前地区的上新统和下更新统发生褶皱变形,并与中更新统呈不整合接触。中更新世山体强烈上升,本区山地发生第一次冰川作用。晚更新世发生两次冰川作用,其规模是晚期小于早期。晚更新世晚期气候强烈干旱化,湖面退缩、大湖解体,一些外流水系变为内流水系,高原植被出现半荒漠—草原—荒漠的演替过程,此时昆仑山北坡黄土发育。     

中国西部人为源NO2污染的时空分布及影响因素研究

利用臭氧监测仪卫星遥感反演获得对流层NO_2柱浓度数据,分析了2005—2016年中国西部地区NO_2污染的时空演变特征及影响因素.首先,根据NO_2污染的季节特性,剔除了自然源NO_2后得到人为源NO_2柱浓度信息;然后,利用小波变换分解方法对西部地区NO_2柱浓度的长期趋势和季节特性进行提取,并对比了东西部的NO_2增长情况;最后,结合经济社会数据分析了西部各省NO_2污染的主要驱动因素.结果发现,西部地区的NO_2浓度在2005—2012年期间呈快速增长趋势,西北各省份的增速均超过了10%a~(-1).然而,2012年之后,西部各省的NO_2浓度开始下降.结合"十二五"计划中的各省氮氧化物减排目标,发现大多数西部省份都较好地完成了减排任务.此外,煤炭消费是西部各省NO_2污染的最主要因素.然而,对于云南和四川而言,虽然水电发展替代了部分火电,使得煤炭消费增速减缓,但交通排放成为这两个省份NO_2污染的最主要驱动因素.西部地区是国家"一带一路"新战略的重要区域,本研究结果将为政府制定有效的控制排放政策,以及促进西部区域可持续发展提供重要的科学参考.     

Meteorological mechanism for a large-scale persistent severe ozone pollution event over eastern China in 2017

An intensive and persistent regional ozone pollution event occurred over eastern China from 25 June to 5 July 2017.73 out of 96 selected cities,most located in the Beijing-TianjinHebei and the surrounding area(BTHS),suffered severe ozone pollution.A north-south contrast ozone distribution,with higher ozone(199±33 μg/m³) in the BTHS and lower ozone(118±25 μg/m³) in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD),was found to be dominated by the position of the West Pacific Subtropical High(WPS...     

Impact assessment of a hydroelectric project on the flora in the Western Himalayan region based on vegetation analysis and socio-economic studies

This study provides an overview of the impacts of a proposed hydroelectric power project in the Western Himalayan region in India, using a primary database on floristic diversity and vegetation analysis. The remote sensing data revealed that in the submergence zone only mixed deciduous forest that occupies 807.5 ha area and has a wood biomass volume of 4,027,503 m³ is likely to be lost due to impoundment. A total of 165 plant species found in the submergence zone also occur in the influence and free draining catchment area of the project. In the influence zone of the project area only one tree species (Acer oblongum) is found under conservation threat category, which is also present in the free draining catchment of the project. The project affected population (6716 people) residing in the submergence and influence zone depend upon the surrounding forests for fuel wood, fodder, wild edibles etc., and most likely they will settle in the nearby areas, thus mounting more pressure on residual forests of the influence zone for various forest products. Further, from the vegetation analysis it is evident that several tree species (e.g. Lannea coromandelica, Terminalia alata, T. bellerica etc.), may face more pressure from exploitation as they provide a number of useful products and are represented in lower numbers in the forests of the project area. To compensate for the loss of various goods and services provided by the forests falling in the submergence zone and to offset the increased pressure of the project affected families on the forests of influence zone, a biodiversity management plan is suggested incorporating socio-economic considerations.     

Biodiversity Conservation in Agricultural Landscapes: Challenges and Opportunities of Coffee Agroforests in the Western Ghats,India

Abstract: The new approaches advocated by the conservation community to integrate conservation and livelihood development now explicitly address landscape mosaics composed of agricultural and forested land rather than only protected areas and largely intact forests. We refer specifically to a call by Harvey et al. (2008) to develop a new approach based on six strategies to integrate biodiversity conservation with sustainable livelihoods in Mesoamerican landscape mosaics. We examined the applicability of this proposal to the coffee agroforests of the Western Ghats, India. Of the six strategies, only one directly addresses livelihood conditions. Their approach has a clear emphasis on conservation and, as currently formulated risks repeating the failures of past integrated conservation and development projects. It fails to place the aspirations of farmers at the core of the agenda. Thus, although we acknowledge and share the broad vision and many of the ideas proposed by this approach, we urge more balanced priority setting by emphasizing people as much as biodiversity through a careful consideration of local livelihood needs and aspirations.     

中国西部地区水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调度的时空特征

在2005~2018年中国西部地区水-能源-粮食系统综合发展评价的基础上,运用耦合协调度模型和地理加权回归模型对水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调度的时空特征及其影响因素进行实证研究.结果表明:(1)中国西部水-能源-粮食系统及其各子系统的综合发展指数总体呈波动上升趋势,其中,水资源和能源子系统在2011年后长期滞后于粮食子系统,成为西部地区水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调发展的短板.(2)2005~2018年,中国西部水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调度从勉强耦合协调进入初级耦合协调阶段,且耦合协调度呈现“南高北低”的时空特征.(3)居民消费水平和人口规模对甘肃、内蒙古等西北地区的系统耦合协调度具有正向影响,对重庆、云南等西南地区具有负向影响,影响程度在地理空间上均呈现出“北正南负”的空间特征;地方财政环保投入的影响程度从北到南逐渐增大,广西、贵州、四川、陕西的系统耦合协调度受该因素的影响最大;R&D投入强度对系统耦合协调的推动作用相对较小,影响程度呈现“北高南低”的空间特征.基于上述分析结果,提出了多资源系统联合发展视角下的区域资源管理方式,减少对有限资源间的依赖性,改善人口规模及环保科技投入等因素,构建具有西部区域特色、体现资源优势、富有竞争力的水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调发展策略.