高温煤气中氯化氢脱除反应动力学研究

在此对自制脱氯剂GH1与高温煤气中的氯化氢反应等温动力学与高温脱氯过程反应动力学进行了研究。等温动力学得出反应的反应级数为1,表观活化能为10.9kJmol。基于固定床反应器恒定模式行为,采用化学反应控制、产物层扩散控制及两种混合控制对脱氯过程的研究结果表明:自制脱氯剂GH1与高温煤气中的氯化氢气体的反应主要受化学反应控制,同时产物层的扩散控制是不容忽视的。     

水泥立窑湿式除尘高温轴流通风机的开发与应用

介绍一种用于高温、高湿、高粉尘气体的高温轴流通风机,该风机采用水冷却、润滑、皮带保护、清灰门等结构,具有直径大、大风量、低压的特点。     

用四-(对氨基苯基)-卟啉柱前衍生的高效液相色谱法测定重金属

研究了用固相萃取富集、快速分离柱高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中镍、锡、铅、镉、汞5种重金属的方法。环境水样中的镍、锡、铅、镉、汞用四-(对氨基苯基)-卟啉(T4APP)柱前衍生,然后用ZORBAX RP18固相萃取小柱萃取富集镍、锡、铅、镉、汞的T4APP络合物,经富集后的络合物用甲醇-丙酮(体积比95∶5)为流动相,ZORBAX Stab le Bound(4.6 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)快速分离柱为固定相分离,用二极管矩阵检测器检测。镍、锡、铅、镉、汞的检测限分别为4,5,4,3,3 ng/L,分离5种重金属元素络合物的时间只需2.0 m in,相对标准偏差为2.2%~4.1%,加标回收率为88%~104%。用该法测定环境水样中的痕量镍、锡、铅、镉、汞,结果令人满意。     

生产规模中药废水两相厌氧生物处理工艺研究

采用两相厌氧-好氧工艺系统治理哈尔滨中药二厂高浓度难降解有机生产废水,通过两相厌氧工艺的运行效果,分析了其在工艺系统中的作用.生产性试验突破了中药废水生物处理技术始终停留在原水COD低于5000mg/L、可生化性良好的易处理废水上的研究现状.现场调试运行结果表明:在进水浓度多为7000～40000mg/L且废水可生化性差(BOD₅/COD<0.2)的情况下,产酸相反应器的日平均COD容积负荷可达到20～30kg/(m³·d),平均COD去除率为47.1%;产甲烷相反应器27d启动成功,其COD容积负荷可达到6.0～7.0kg/(m³·d),平均COD去除率为94.06%;两相厌氧工艺系统COD总去除率可达93.0%以上,是整个工艺系统出水达标排放的重要前提.     

地下水石油污染高效生物降解研究

考察了高效复合微生物对地下水石油污染物降解效果,并建立了地下水污染质生物降解迁移数学模型.从石油污染的土壤中分离筛选到能够高效降解石油的菌株,经鉴定为假单胞菌属、黄杆菌属和微球菌属,这3种菌属24h对石油降解率分别为62%,56%和52%,且3种菌属组成的复合菌较单一菌属对石油降解率都要高,达85%.高效复合菌与石油配水一起进入模拟地下含水介质的反应器,在反应器前部均能形成一个稳定的生物带.石油配水流经该生物带,石油降解率可达60%以上,反应器出水石油降解率平均可达90%以上.建立的地下水污染质生物降解迁移数学模型对地下水有机污染质生物降解有较好的预测效果,计算值与实测值呈良好的相关性.     

高压电晕与臭氧联用降解对硝基苯酚

利用臭氧的强氧化性和电晕的高能量降解有毒有害大分子为较低毒性的小分子,以提高可生化性.在pH8～9的条件下,高压电晕与臭氧联用处理对硝基苯酚模拟废水30min,对硝基苯酚的降解率为96.8%,TOC的降解率为38.6%.设计了先电晕后臭氧、先臭氧后电晕分别处理和电晕与臭氧联用处理3种实验方案,结果表明:电晕与臭氧联用处理效率要高于分别处理效率,电晕与臭氧联用具有协同作用;对降解含苯环的大分子效率高,对降解直链分子的效率相对较低.     

西部大开发中的生态安全问题

正确处理区域发展与生态安全是西部开发战略的关键。以可持续发展为目标的区域空间结构理论 ,分析了在新一轮科技革命和产业革命的新形势下推动区域发展和区域空间结构演变的决定性因素 ,以及实行效益原则与社会公平原则相统一的必要性 ,从中引出西部大开发中确保生态安全的极端重要性。并就实现区域发展与生态安全的双赢目标所必须建立的能力体系和制度体系提出了建议。      

高层建筑楼梯与电梯耦合的安全疏散策略研究

人员疏散是高层建筑火灾应急管理中重要问题之一。仅依靠楼梯无法在火灾初期安全快速地大批量疏散人群，必须引入其他疏散途径，才能达到安全疏散的要求，而引入电梯，实现楼梯电梯耦合疏散，成为未来高层建筑火灾垂直疏散的新趋势之一。运用BuildingEXODUS从不同建筑高度、不同人群密度、不同人员类型3个方面，运用楼梯模式、A型Shuttle Floor模式、B型Shuttle Floor模式、Sky Lobby模式4种模式进行模拟，提出每种情况的最优疏散策略。研究结果表明:任何层数的高层建筑都存在1个或数个最佳分离楼层使楼梯电梯耦合疏散的效率最高；在运用楼梯以及耦合方案2时，疏散时间与建筑高度呈线性关系，且随着楼层的增高耦合方案2所用疏散时间越来越接近楼梯疏散时间的二分之一；不同人群密度与最佳分离楼层无关；当人员平均疏散能力较高时，最佳分离楼层会上移反之则会下降。     

Knowledge users’ perspectives and advice on how to improve knowledge exchange and mobilization in the case of a co-managed fishery

Environmental scientists have long been frustrated by the difficulties involved in transferring their research findings into policy-making, management, and public spheres. Despite increases in scientific knowledge about social-ecological systems, research has consistently shown that regulators and stakeholders draw on tacit, informal, and experiential knowledge far more than scientific knowledge in their decision-making. Social science research in the fields of knowledge exchange (KE) and knowledge mobilization (KMb) suggest that one of the major barriers to moving knowledge into practice is that scientists fail to align their communication strategies with the information-seeking behaviours and preferences of potential knowledge users. This article presents findings from in-depth qualitative research with government employees and stakeholders involved in co-managing Pacific salmon fisheries in Canada’s Fraser River. We investigate how members of these groups access, view, and use scientific information, finding both similarities and differences. Members of both groups express a strong interest in academic science, and self-report using scientific information regularly in their work and advocacy. However, the two groups engage in different information-seeking behaviours, and provide notably different advice to academic scientists about how to make research and communication more relevant to potential users. For example, government employees focus on the immediate applications of research to known problems, while stakeholders express greater concern for the political context and implications of scientific findings. We argue that scientists need to “go where the users are” in the behavioural and intellectual sense, and tailor their communications and engagement activities to match the habits, preferences, and expectations of multiple potential user groups. We conclude with recommendations on how this may be done.     

Study of poverty alleviation strategy based on labor force quality improvement and ecological protection in Western China

Fragile ecological environment and poverty correlate to and reinforce each other closely in Western China.At the same time,Western China is also the most prominent area of the knowledge and human poverty with very low labor force quality.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of poverty in Western China,this paper studies the coupling relationship between fragile ecological environment and poverty in Western China,including the impacts of fragile environment on poverty occurrence and the effects of ecological construction on poverty alleviation.It also analyzed how low labor quality causes persistent poverty in the western region.At the end of the paper,strategies of diversity poverty alleviation in Western China are suggested based on sustainable development,including education improvement,ecological construction,industries development,infrastructure construction,planning institution innovation,and so on.