天然气汽车尾气污染控制的研究进展

综述了国外天然气汽车排放及控制的研究进展，以及排放污染物CO、CO2、NOx、THC、苯、甲醛、乙醛及1-3丁二烯等天然汽汽车排放控制技术仅相当于美国70年代的水平。     

超滤膜处理油田采出水用于回注的试验研究

试验采用截留分子量为100 ku的PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)超滤膜组件对大庆油田采出水进行了处理,处理水用于油田回注以减少清水的消耗和降低环境污染,同时确定了最佳操作条件和膜清洗方法并考察了超滤出水水质的影响.结果表明最佳的操作条件为:跨膜压差0.30～0.35 MPa,膜面流速3.0～3.5 m/s,温度35～40 ℃.超滤出水中的悬浮物、含油量均低于1.00 mg/L,粒径中值和SRB不能检出,超滤出水水质完全满足油田回注水标准.     

膜生物反应器中膜分离单元运行参数优化试验

用生活杂排水对膜生物反应器中膜分离单元的运行参数进行了优化试验研究，膜分离单元采用中空纤维超滤膜，试验表明，在适宜的反冲洗和化学清洗条件下，膜的透水率可及时、有效地恢复，使膜生物反应器能长期稳定地运行。     

Dioxin removal in “energy from waste plants” - comparison of air pollution control methods

The graph below shows the emitted dioxin - equivalents (Eadon) in grams per year in flue gas from municipal solid waste incinerators with various air pollution control methods for plants of capacity of 200 000 ton municipal solid waste (MSW) per year.

Full-size image (15K)

With optimized combustion and an effective air pollution control system the emissions of dioxins can be kept very low (concentrations below 0.1 ng/m³n).

With a very effective air pollution control system the total emission from all Swedish MSW-incinerators burning approximately 1.5 Mton/year will by 1990 be below 2 g/year - a drastic reduction from approximately 15 g today. As the total dioxin - equivalent emission to the environment in Sweden in the year 1987 was almost 500 g we see that municipal waste incineration really is on the way to solve their dioxin problem.     

吸附-微滤法对印染废水脱色的研究

采用氢氧化镁吸附与陶瓷膜微滤相结合进行活性染料废水脱色处理 .对预处理条件、微滤操作条件以及膜的化学清洗进行了研究 .结果表明 ,采用氢氧化镁吸附预处理的陶瓷膜微滤技术 ,对含活性染料的印染废水 ,具有脱色率高、操作简单的优点 .在合适的条件下 ,脱色率可达 98%以上 ,1 0 μm膜的通量在1 5 0L·m- 2 ·h- 1左右 ;采用 0 5mol·l- 1稀硝酸在一定条件下清洗 30min可使膜得到有效再生 .     

焦化生产中的清洁生产工艺与污染控制

本文阐述了焦化生产工艺的现状，指出目前焦化生产中污染治理技术存在的问题，探讨焦化清洁生产和污染物治理新技术。     

湿式氧化处理剩余污泥反应动力学研究

针对剩余污泥湿式氧化处理过程。以污泥中挥发分的去除为目标污染物，进行了化工废水剩余污泥．炼油废水剩余污泥湿式氧化过程动力学研究，并对湿式氧化两阶段一级动力学模型和广义动力学模型的动力学进行求解。两阶段一级动力学模型说明化工污泥．炼油污泥湿式氧化过程均属于快速反应期接慢速反应期。但不同污泥其活化能和指前因子相差较大：而用广义动力学模型可以建立通用的剩余污泥湿式氧化反应速率方程，该模型应用于城市废水剩余污泥湿式氧化过程，计算值与试验值有很好的相关性（P^2≥0．98）。     

喷雾吸收法处理烟气中S02的试验

在内径300mm的塔内,采用旋涡式压力喷嘴作雾化器,以石灰作为吸收剂进行烟气脱硫模拟试验研究。试验考察了吸收液PH值、吸收浆液浓度、循环浆液停留时间、液气比、空塔气速及进气SOZ浓度等对脱硫率的影响。结果表明:单级喷雾可获得39％以上的脱硫率,整个试验过程中,喷嘴引起的塔压降很小。此外,还观察了脱硫过程中吸收塔内的结垢情况。通过烟气脱硫模拟试验,为进一步利用喷雾法对国内现有中小型锅炉麻石水膜除尘器的改造,提供了必要的基础数据。     

Multicriteria decision support in a technology competition for cleaning polluted soil in Helsinki

Due to expansion of the capital area in Finland, industrial areas are being replanned for residential and commercial use. The soil in these areas is sometimes contaminated, and must therefore be cleaned before building. In spring 1997 the City of Helsinki and the National Technology Agency of Finland declared a contract-based competition for cleaning the polluted soil of the planned Toukolanranta residential area. Nine proposals entered the competition, and the problem was to choose three best candidates for test-cleaning a small part of the region considered. The winner of the test-cleaning phase will get the contract for cleaning the whole area. The proposals were evaluated based on five criteria defined by the competition board consisting of eight experts. The finalists were chosen aided by the SMAA-2 Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis technique. SMAA-2 is a method for analysing what kind of preferences favour each alternative. This method is particularly useful in applications, where it is difficult or impossible to obtain accurate preference information. In this application SMAA-2 was observed to suit well for choosing a small set of best alternatives with different strengths and weaknesses.     

清洁生产定量评价方法及其应用

本文运用专家调查打分法，以承德帝贤兴业造纸项目为例，初步分析了清洁生产量化评价的方法在建设项目环境影响评价中的应用。