基于潜在分类模型的湿地生态系统服务公众生态偏好异质性研究

在生态系统服务价值评估研究中,把握公众的生态偏好是当前研究的重要内容。论文以三江平原湿地为研究对象,应用选择实验法获取公众的生态偏好和支付意愿,构建潜在分类模型,探究公众对湿地各项生态系统服务的偏好异质性。研究结果显示：公众对各项湿地生态系统服务存在显著的偏好异质性,资源偏好型的受访者所占比例最大（68.78%）,景观偏好型的受访者对自然景观的支付意愿显著较高,而价格敏感型受访者的支付意愿明显低于其他两类。分析各潜在类别可知,公众的社会经济特征及环境意识对其偏好具有显著影响。教育水平越高的受访者越偏好于资源保护,高收入和到景区旅游次数多的受访者更偏好于景观保护,而价格敏感型受访者的环境意识相对较低。研究不仅为湿地生态系统服务偏好异质性的研究提供新途径,也为相关环境政策的制定提供参考。     

哈尔滨市松江湿地保护现状及生态修复策略研究

松江湿地是中国面积最大的河流型城市湿地.然而,随着城市化进程加快,生态功能正在逐步退化.目前,从实地调研情况看,松花江哈尔滨段下游湿地保护较好;而上游湿地保护工作不到位,大量湿地丧失,生态系统退化严重;整体看来,松江湿地生态系统受人为干扰严重,湿地片段化、斑块化现象严重.针对这一现状,列出了湿地目前存在的问题并分析退化和受损的原因,同时,筛选出了适合松江湿地的修复技术及生态恢复方案.     

杭州西溪湿地CH4、CO2通量及其主要影响因子

本研究采用便携式温室气体分析仪连接通量箱在线监测杭州西溪湿地CH_4、CO_2通量日变化及季节变化,同时也对包括有机碳含量、湿度、孔隙度、比重、p H、Eh在内的潜在影响因子进行了研究。结果表明,通常情况下,CH_4、CO_2通量的变化分别为-0.001 9~0.035 3mg/(m~2·h)和-109.76~442.55mg/(m~2·h);CH_4、CO_2通量的变化存在明显正相关关系。CH_4通量的季节变化表现为夏季秋季春季冬季;CO_2通量的季节变化表现为夏季春季冬季秋季。土壤湿度是影响CH_4通量变化的重要因子,通常湿度越大,CH_4通量越大;在生长季维管植物有助于CH_4的氧化;西溪湿地土质差异也使CH_4、CO_2通量排放有所差异,具体表现在土壤有机碳含量相差较大,而土壤中有机碳的含量与CH_4产生潜力呈显著正相关。     

Wetland cultivation and hydrological management in eastern Africa: Matching community and hydrological needs through sustainable wetland use

Wetlands are critical natural resources in developing countries where they perform a range of environmental functions and provide numerous socio-economic benefits to local communities and a wider population. In recent years, however, many wetlands throughout eastern Africa have come under extreme pressure as government policies, socio-economic change and population pressure have stimulated a need for more agriculturally productive land. Although wetland drainage and cultivation can make a key contribution to food and livelihood security in the short term, in the long term there are concerns over the sustainability of this utilization and the maintenance of wetland benefits. This article draws upon recent research carried out in western Ethiopia, which addressed the sustainability of wetland agriculture in an area of increasing food insecurity and population pressure. It discusses the impacts of drainage and cultivation on wetland hydrology and draws attention to local wetland management strategies, particularly those characterized by multiple use of wetlands, where agriculture exists alongside other wetland uses. The article suggests that where multiple wetland uses exist, a range of benefits can be sustained with little evidence of environmental degradation. Ways of promoting and empowering such sustainable wetland management systems are discussed in the context of the wider need for water security throughout the region.     

Using GIS to Identify Functionally Significant Wetlands in the Northeastern United States

/ Of the several automated wetland assessment methods currently available, none are comprehensive in considering all of the primary functions a wetland can perform. We developed a methodology particularly suited to the Northeastern United States that enumerates spatial predictors of wetland function for three primary wetland functions: flood flow alteration, surface water quality improvement, andwildlife habitat. Predictors were derived from several wetland assessment techniques and directly from the literature on wetland structure and function. The methodology was then automated using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The resulting Automated Assessment Method for Northeastern Wetlands (AMNEW) consists of a suite of eight Arc Macro Language (AML) programs that run in the ARC/INFO GRID module. Using remotely sensed land use information and digital elevation models (DEMs), AMNEW produces three separate grids of wetlands that perform each function. The method was tested on four watersheds in Vermont's Lake Champlain Basin. Results and preliminary verification indicate that the method can successfully identify those wetlands in the Northeastern region that have the potential to be functionally important.     

湿地资源的功能类型及其开发与保护

简介了湿地的定义及其分类,并全面概括了湿地的功能类型和保护的意义,指出了中国湿地的现状及开发利用中的生态环境问题,并提出相应的保护对策。     

北固山湿地土壤氮磷及重金属空间分布

通过研究北固山湿地四个典型区域土壤中全氮、全磷及重金属元素空间分布规律,探讨湿地土壤中全氮、全磷及重金属元素的空间分布与周围环境之间的关系。结果显示,湿地虉草区各层的全氮、全磷含量均高于芦苇区;大东沟排放口表层土壤全氮、全磷含量明显高于其他区域,是水体富营养化的重点控制区;湿地土壤中的重金属污染物主要分布在0～15cm,且虉草区的有效Mn、Zn、Fe含量普遍高于芦苇区。研究结果表明,植被对调整湿地氮、磷及重金属的空间分布有一定作用,可以选择适宜的植物对湿地进行生态修复。研究为湿地生态修复和生态清淤提供理论依据。     

鄱阳湖湿地生态系统退化的社会经济根源研究

鄱阳湖湿地生态系统是一个复杂、开放的交互系统。近些年,鄱阳湖湿地生态系统退化有加剧的趋势,其中有自然的原因,但更重要的是在社会经济发展过程中引起自然环境的破坏和生态规律的波动。人口持续增长、不合理的经济发展模式、湿地保护相关政策的缺失等都加剧了湿地生态系统的退化。加强湿地管理与保护、调整区域经济发展方式、构建环鄱阳湖生态经济区等措施,对保护和开发鄱阳湖湿地有重要的作用。     

扎龙湿地芦苇叶片结构与生境关系的研究

本文分别对扎龙湿地不同生境芦苇叶片的上、下表皮及横切面结构进行了细致的观察、比较和分析。结果表明:不同生境中的芦苇表现出不同的适应其生境的特征,主要表现在表皮细胞大小、气孔大小、数量、气孔在叶表面的覆盖面积以及表皮毛的有无上。芦苇在进化过程中为适应不同的生境形成了不同的叶片显微结构。     

重金属钼的迁移特性及人工湿地处理研究

针对重金属钼污染的面源性及重金属传统处理工艺的一些弊端,综合国内外人工湿地治理重金属污染研究现状,提出了用人工湿地治理重金属钼污染的构思。环境中重金属钼主要来源于钼尾矿中辉钼矿的氧化而淋滤释放的MoO42-。由于土壤和水体中酸碱和氧化还原环境的差异,钼的存在形态具有易变特征,并影响着钼的迁移过程。基于钼迁移特征的研究成果,本文从植物、基质、微生物三方面对人工湿地处理钼污染进行了系统的分析。结论表明,人工湿地处理重金属钼具有一定的应用价值,为我国人工湿地治理重金属钼污染的研究开展以及实际工程应用提供理论支持。