人工湿地组合工艺在风景区污水处理中的应用

文章从污水生态处理、中水回用以及污水处理与景观建设相结合等几方面,详细介绍了人工湿地组合工艺这一领先技术在风景区污水处理工程中的应用。重点阐述了世博园污水的排放特性、组合工艺的组成及工程建设内容,并提出人工湿地组合工艺的几大特点及技术应用时需注意的问题。     

湿地自然保护区生态恢复及其绿色开发探析——以七里海湿地国家级自然保护区为例

七里海湿地是我国国家级自然保护区,世界著名三大古海岸之一。近几十年出现了严重的生态危机,本文借鉴众多湿地保护与开发经验,就七里海湿地生态恢复与绿色开发利用提出了一些可行的措施：依据自然保护区的相关法律法规对其进行切实保护与管理,通过恢复河流生态补水、翻耕苇地、禁捕鸟类等生态修复措施恢复其生态功能,进而发展湿地绿色产业、开展项目建设环评等绿色开发活动发挥其重要的生态、经济和社会价值。     

讷漠尔河湿地生态保护初探

讷漠尔河湿地处于嫩江东岸,包括了河流、灌丛、泡沼、湖泊、沼泽、草甸等各种不同的自然生态环境类型,蕴藏着丰富的野生生物资源,对调蓄嫩江洪水、涵养水源、候鸟与湿地多样性保护具有重要意义。随着我市生态文明建设的加快,讷漠尔河湿地的保护、恢复已迫不及待。本文在对讷漠尔河湿地生态功能、生态环境问题分析评价基础上提出了保护对策。     

重金属钼的迁移特性及人工湿地处理研究

针对重金属钼污染的面源性及重金属传统处理工艺的一些弊端,综合国内外人工湿地治理重金属污染研究现状,提出了用人工湿地治理重金属钼污染的构思。环境中重金属钼主要来源于钼尾矿中辉钼矿的氧化而淋滤释放的MoO42-。由于土壤和水体中酸碱和氧化还原环境的差异,钼的存在形态具有易变特征,并影响着钼的迁移过程。基于钼迁移特征的研究成果,本文从植物、基质、微生物三方面对人工湿地处理钼污染进行了系统的分析。结论表明,人工湿地处理重金属钼具有一定的应用价值,为我国人工湿地治理重金属钼污染的研究开展以及实际工程应用提供理论支持。     

Restoration of a Canadian Prairie Wetland with Agricultural and Municipal Wastewater

3 /day (800,000 US gallons) of municipal wastewater and beef processing wastewater. A large nongovernmental organization hastened restoration with a development process that outlined restoration goals and management objectives to satisfy a dual mandate of wastewater treatment and wildlife habitat creation. In 1995, after five years of wastewater additions, the basins had been refilled and the surrounding uplands had been acquired and restored. The Frank Lake Conservation Area currently provides high-quality habitat for a variety of wildlife in a region where many of the native plants and animals species have been lost due to habitat loss and fragmentation. The success of upland and water management strategies is reflected in the increase of target species' abundance and richness: 50 shorebird species, 44 waterfowl species, 15 raptor species, and 28 other new bird species have returned to the marsh since restoration. As well, significant N and P reduction occurs as waters flow through the first basin of the marsh. The management strategies of this project that satisfied a dual mandate serve as a model to guide managers of other large-scale wetland restoration projects.     

长江口东滩湿地柱状沉积物中多氯联苯的分布和变化趋势

采用同位素稀释质谱法,用高分辨率气相色谱-高分辨率质谱仪(HRGC-HRMS)对长江口崇明东滩湿地柱状沉积物30个层段中7种指示性多氯联苯(PCB28,PCB52,PCB101,PCB118,PCB153,PCB138和PCB180)的含量进行了测定. 结合近几十年长江下游气候变化情况,对PCBs垂直分布历史记录特征以及异构体的物理化学性质参数进行了探讨. 结果表明,w(PCBs)为0.138～0.400 ng/g(以干质量计,下同),平均值为0.228 ng/g,属于轻度污染. 东滩沉积物中PCBs呈现明显的周期性分布,在20世纪50年代初期开始快速增长,高峰期出现在70年代,之后呈减少趋势,反映了世界主要生产国家禁止生产PCBs的情况.      

Cu2＋胁迫下湿地微生物热代谢活性及Cu2＋的固定/转化率

应用微量热法结合常规分析方法,研究了桂林会仙湿地沼泽底泥和水稻田微生物在800 - 4 000 μg·g-1 Cu2＋胁迫下的热代谢活性及Cu2＋的固定/转化率。结果表明,在w（Cu2＋）为800 μg·g-1条件下,水稻田和沼泽底泥土壤微生物对Cu2＋的固定/转化率分别为44.93%和34.59%,但在w（Cu2＋）为4 000 μg·g-1 时则分别是93.16%和85.13%;Cu2＋对水稻田和沼泽底泥土壤微生物代谢活性的半抑制浓度分别为2 043和2 325 μg·g-1;水稻田土壤微生物代谢活性低于沼泽底泥,在土壤及其微生物共同作用下Cu2＋的固定/转化率随Cu2＋浓度递增而升高;在相同条件下,水稻田和沼泽底泥土壤微生物的代谢速率在α = 0.05或α = 0.01水平上显著相关。湿地土壤用途发生改变后,土壤微生物在固定/转化Cu2＋的作用上发生了明显变化。     

Resource utilization of typical biomass wastes as biochars in removing plasticizer diethyl phthalate from water: characterization and adsorption mechanisms

● Six largely produced agricultural biomass wastes were pyrolyzed into biochars. ● Feedstock type significantly determined physiochemical properties of biochars. ● The biochars showed powerful adsorption capabilities to Plasticizer DEP. ● Giant reed biochar with higher DEP adsorption was a prominent sorbent. Plastic pollution as a global environmental issue has become a research hotspot, among which the removal of inherent plasticizer (e.g., phthalic acid esters, PAEs) received increasing attention. However, the effects of biochars derived from different feedstocks on the adsorption of PAEs are poorly understood. Thus, the characteristics of biochars derived from six largely produced biomass wastes in China at 400 °C, as well as their performance in adsorption of diethyl phthalate (DEP), one of frequently detected PAEs in aqueous environment, were investigated. The results indicated that the variation in feedstock type showed significant changes in the properties (e.g., porosity, specific surface area, surface functional groups) of biochars, which affected DEP adsorption and desorption. Pseudo-second order and Freundlich models fitted the adsorption data well, and adsorption mechanisms mainly included hydrophobic effect, followed by micropore filling, hydrogen bonding, and π-π EDA interactions. Adsorption thermodynamics revealed that the adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic the adsorption capacities of DEP on these biochars slightly decreased with the increasing pH but increased with the increasing ionic strength. Among these biochars, the giant reed biochar with relatively higher DEP adsorption and low desorption exhibited the great efficiency for DEP removal as an environment-friendly sorbent. These results highlighted the significant roles of micropore filling and hydrogen bond in determining adsorption capacity of designed biochars prepared from selecting suitable agricultural straws and wetland plant waste to typical plasticizer. The findings are useful for producing designed biochars from different biomass wastes for plasticizer pollution control.     

黑龙江省湿地生态环境监测指标的探讨

根据黑龙江省湿地生态环境特点,研究讨论了建立湿地生态环境监测指标体系应遵循的原则,并提出了优先监测项目。     

扎龙河滨湿地对地表径流氮磷污染物的净化作用

通过对扎龙河滨湿地内龙安桥及水库桥河段水体空间采样分析,研究了2个典型河滨湿地对地表径流中TN、TP及PO₄^3-的净化作用规律.应用空间净化方程分析表明,2个河段河滨湿地在春、夏、秋3季对水体TP及PO₄^3-有持续净化能力,TP净化系数范围为0.00186～0.01175mg·(L·km)^-1 ,PO₄^2-净化系数范围为2.5E 4～0.00704mg·(L·km)^-1.而河滨湿地对TN的净化作用仅出现在春、夏2季,且夏季净化作用最明显,净化系数达0.07354～0.16036mg·(L·km)^-1;在秋季则出现TN沿径流向下累积输出的特征,输出能力最高达0.48175mg·(L·km)^-1.2河段的径流量及氮磷污染物输入浓度特征分析表明了河滨湿地对水体TN、TP及PO₄^2-的净化作用受到这2种因素的综合影响而表现出季节性规律特征.