Modeling ecosystem responses to prescribed fires in a phosphorus-enriched Everglades wetland: I. Phosphorus dynamics and cattail recovery

We have developed and applied a process-based model, the Wetland Ecosystem Model (WEM), to evaluate the effects of a prescribed fire on the phosphorus (P) dynamics and cattail (Typha domingensis) growth in a P-enriched area in the Florida Everglades. The WEM couples major ecosystem processes including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and P biogeochemical cycles, plant growth, hydrology, and fire disturbance. The model is used to assess the effects of a prescribed fire on P dynamics and cattail growth through dynamic interaction among four modules: fire, water chemistry, soil, and vegetation. The simulation results are in agreement with observed data including cattail above- and belowground biomass and dead mass, P concentration in surface-water, pore-water, and soil, and soil and water temperature. Cattail aboveground biomass reached the unburned level one year after burn; belowground biomass recovered to unburned level one and half years after the fire, however, dead mass did not completely reach unburned level two years after fires. The fire increased water and soil temperatures in the short term, while indirectly increasing the sensitivity of water and soil temperature post-fire response to air temperature by altering the energy exchange between air and water through a canopy gap created by fire. The fire also altered the P dynamics in surface-water and pore-water. A post-fire P pulse that lasted for less than one month was observed in surface-water. A similar P pulse, but in a small magnitude and a longer duration, was also observed in the pore-water total phosphorus (TP), and then came back to normal level after approximately three months. No significant changes in soil TP was observed during the study period. Meanwhile, no significant changes in water nutrients were observed downstream of the study plot. This finding indicated that the P-enriched wetlands in Everglades act as a buffer in regulating the P concentration in surface-water. Our study showed that the distance of fire effects on a 300 m × 300 m plot was less than 300 m downstream. Sensitivity analysis identified that the air temperature and hydrological conditions are two important driving factors which may alter the cattail community dynamics in response to prescribed fires. Similar to the filed studies, this study provided evidences that fire played an important role in managing plant growth and P dynamics in the Florida Everglades.     

植物根系分泌物分析及对湿地微生物群落的影响研究

植物是人工湿地的重要组成部分,其通过根系分泌物对湿地中的微生物群落结构产生影响。本研究分析了美人蕉（Canna indica）、茭白（Zizania caduciflora）、千屈菜（Lythrum salicaria Linn）等3种湿地植物的根系分泌能力及分泌物组成。3种植物的根系分泌物主要组成物质相似,均含有小分子有机酸、酚类、芳香族蛋白质,但各组成比例有所差异。分泌能力则随生长周期持续下降,千屈菜的分泌能力远强于美人蕉和茭白。本研究利用醌指纹研究人工湿地中微生物群落结构,结果发现不同湿地植物对湿地中微生物的组成和多样性产生显著影响。     

西溪湿地底泥中有机氯农药分布特征及风险评价

以西溪湿地为主要研究区域,采集了西溪湿地主要河口的表层和柱状底泥样品,以气相色谱(GC)/电子捕获检测器(ECD)定量测定样品中滴滴涕(DDTs)、六六六(HCHs)的含量,并对其进行生态风险评价.结果表明:(1)西溪湿地底泥样品中DDTs浓度明显比HCHs高.有机氯农药(OCPs)在研究区域内的底泥表层样品中残留呈现...     

哈尔滨松江湿地重金属空间分布及潜在生态风险评价

为了解哈尔滨松江湿地沉积物中重金属的污染程度,对其表层沉积物中8种重金属元素（Hg、Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni、Zn）的含量及其空间分布进行研究,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险评价法对表层沉积物重金属污染程度进行评价.结果表明:①松江湿地沉积物中w（Cd）、w（Hg）和w（Pb）的平均值均高于松嫩平原土壤环境背景值,表明Cd、Hg、Pb这3种重金属元素存在富集.②相关分析显示,沉积物中w（TOC）、w（TN）均与各重金属含量之间存在相关性,而pH与各重金属含量无相关性.主成分分析显示,8种重金属可被辨识为2个主成分,即Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn和Pb为人为复合源因子,As、Cd和Hg为农业源因子.空间分析显示,松江湿地沉积物中Ni、Cu、Zn和Cr主要分布在阿什河口和白鱼泡湿地,As、Cd和Hg主要分布在金河湾、阿什河口和白鱼泡湿地,Pb主要分布在阿什河口湿地.③地积累指数（I_geo）评价表明,在所有采样点中Cd和Hg分别处于轻度和偏中度污染水平,其他元素均处于无污染水平.④潜在生态风险指数分析结果表明,松江湿地重金属的潜在生态风险主要是由Cd和Hg引起,二者贡献率分别为33.4%和57.6%;整个研究区综合潜在生态风险指数（RI）介于135.28~733.27之间,平均值为234.47,属于中度污染.8个采样区的生态风险指数依次为阿什河口>金河湾>白鱼泡>太平庄滩>松江>呼兰河口>滨江>太阳岛,其中,阿什河口湿地达到了较高污染,其他采样区均为中度污染.研究显示,松江湿地表层沉积物中重金属存在生态风险,其中以阿什河口湿地风险为最高.      

河口人工湿地植物配置与景观建设维护研究——以沈阳市辉山明渠河口湿地为例

以沈阳市辉山明渠入浑河河口湿地为研究对象,通过植物适应性分析、湿地植物选择、湿地植物优化配置、景观合理性配置等综合调控措施,使辉山明渠入浑河水质得到有效改善、湿地生物多样性得到恢复、人工湿地生态系统稳定性增强、形成独具特色的河口湿地景观。     

Studying the historical evolution of ecosystem services to inform management policies for developed shorelines

Coastal areas of developed countries have been altered by human activities, especially since the mid-20th century. This has notably affected the flow of ecosystem services that these environments provide. In this context, this paper’s research has focused on the historical evolution of socio-ecological dynamics and ecosystem services in a Mediterranean coastal landscape, characterized by the intense development of recent decades and the high biodiversity value. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered and analyzed through different methods (document and spatial analysis, statistical treatment). Results show the long history of many ecosystem services (increase/decrease in food provisioning, stabilization/decline of regulating services and no use/intense use of cultural services) and their decline in recent decades due to industrial and residential development (which expanded from 1.7 to 47.5%). To overcome this situation, this paper discusses the current state of ecosystem services and conservation tasks carried out and how the results of the research can be included in the different elements of the governance of shoreline areas.