地下水污染对人体血象影响的调查分析

通过对葫芦岛市某河流域长期饮用受污染地下水的居民的血象调查 ,分析了可能导致异变的原因 ,提出地下水的化学污染可能是血液细胞毒理学变化的因素之一     

高技术再资源化是根治“白色污染”的主要方向

针对“白色污染”日益严重的现状，对现有的“白色污染”防治对策和技术进行了分析探讨，指出简单的技术已不适用，可降解的发展尚需时日，而废塑料再资源化技术才是根治“白色污染”的主要方向。     

一种适合于白腐菌处理漂白废水的反应器及工艺探讨

设计了一种适合于白腐菌Ｐｈａｎｅｒｏｃｈａｅｔｅ Ｃｈｒｙｓｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ处理漂白废水的活性炭－化学纤维固定膜反应器，探讨了菌膜生长时的营养条件和废水组成对处理效果的影响。在适宜的工艺条件下，废水的脱色率达６０～９０％，ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率在５０％以上。     

白腐真菌生物膜反应器处理染料生产废水实验研究

研究了使用3种白腐真菌生物膜反应器处理染料生产废水．探讨了脱色．pH．COD去除与运行方式．反应器型式等因素之间的关系。结果表明．⑴间歇式运行中．3种反应器对染料生产废水的主要脱色作用都发生在24h内．脱色速度．最终脱色率和抗杂菌污染的能力均以组合填料生物接触氧化反应器最强．COD去除率却以生物转盘反应器最高。(2)连接式运行中．白腐真菌组合填料生物接触氧化反应器对染料废水的脱色效果．pH变化均与间歇式运行十分相似．最高脱色率达到99％左右．出水pH平均为3．6．但COD的去除率不高．且波动较大。将光合细菌以及活性污泥生物接触氧化反应器串接到白腐真菌生物膜反应器后显著提高了COD去除率．但出水色度并没有继续降低。     

白腐真菌对染料的脱色与降解

利用白腐真菌对染料脱色和降解的过程机理及影响因素进行了较为系统的介绍,结果认为,白腐真菌对染料的脱色及降解作用可能主要是由于其在次生代谢阶段产生的木质素过氧化酶LIPs和锰过氧化酶MnPs所致。在培养基中加入黎芦醇等能够显著提高LIPs的产生;富氮培养基会抑制LIPs的生成;缓冲液的选择对维持适宜的pH值和菌丝的形态有一定作用,从而影响其脱色效果;富氧环境是一切白腐真菌对染料进行脱色和降解的必要条件;适度的搅拌混合有利于反应时的物质之间传递;一般地,在培养时间达到3d以后白腐真菌才能达到较高的脱色与降解活性。染料分子大小和结构及其基团的位置对脱色及降解效果有明显影响。使用特殊填料来提高处理系统中的生物量以克服真菌生长速度相对较慢,提高处理能力是该技术今后的研究重点。     

Bioconcentration factors of mercury by Parasol Mushroom (Macrolepiota procera)

To examine bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of mercury by Parasol Mushroom (Macrolepiota procera) roughly similarly sized (a cap diameter) fruiting bodies of this fungus and underlying soil (0–10 cm) samples were collected at 15 sites in Poland between 1995 and 2003. The total mercury content of the individual caps and stipes of Parasol Mushroom ranged from 0.05 to 22 mg Hg/kg dry matter (d.m.) and from 0.05 to 20 mg Hg/kg d.m., while the means were from 1.1 to 8.4 mg Hg/kg d.m. and from 0.83 to 6.8 mg Hg/kg d.m., respectively. The caps generally contained higher concentrations of mercury when compared to stipes, and the means of the cap to stipe mercury concentration quotient ranged from 1.3 to 4.6. The range of mercury concentration in topsoil samples collected at the sites where the fruiting bodies were collected was from 0.01 to 0.54 mg/g d.m. (means ranged from 0.022 to 0.36 mg/g d.m.). The BCFs factors for total mercury varied from 0.52 to 470 for individual caps and 0.52 to 360 for stipes, while average values, depending on the site, were from 16 to 220 and from 7.6 to 130 for caps and stipes, respectively.     

Use of data on avian demographics and site persistence during overwintering to assess quality of restored riparian habitat

Monitoring responses by birds to restoration of riparian vegetation is relatively cost-effective, but in most assessments species-specific abundances, not demography, are monitored. Data on birds collected during the nonbreeding season are particularly lacking. We captured birds in mist nets and resighted banded birds to estimate species richness and diversity, abundance, demographic indexes, and site-level persistence of permanent-resident and overwintering migrants in remnant and restored riparian sites in California. Species richness in riparian remnants was significantly higher than in restored sites because abundances of uncommon permanent residents were greater in remnants. Species richness of overwintering migrants did not differ between remnants and restored sites. Responses among overwintering migrants (but not permanent residents) to remnant and restored riparian sites differed. Capture rates were higher in remnant or restored riparian sites for 7 of 10 overwintering migratory species. For Lincoln's Sparrows (Melospiza lincolnii) and White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) proportions of older birds were significantly higher in remnants, even though capture rates of these species were higher in restored sites. Overwinter persistence of 4 migrant species was significantly higher in remnant than in restored sites. A higher proportion of Hermit Thrushes (Catharus guttatus, 56.3%), older Fox Sparrows (Passerella iliaca, 57.1%), Lincoln's Sparrows (59.7%), and White-crowned Sparrows (67.8%) persisted in remnants than restored sites. Our results suggest restored riparian sites provide habitat for a wide variety of species in comparable abundances and diversity as occurs in remnant riparian sites. Our demographic and persistence data showed that remnants supported some species and age classes to a greater extent than restored sites.     

Rate of iodine volatilization and accumulation by filamentous fungi through laboratory cultures

Five strains of basidiomycetes (Lentinula edodes, Coprinus phlyctidosporus, Hebeloma vinosophyllum, Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus), one strain of ascomycete (Hormoconis resinae) and six strains of imperfect fungi (Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium roquefortii, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae) were cultured in a liquid medium containing a radioactive iodine tracer (¹²⁵I), and were tested for their abilities to volatilize or accumulate iodine. Of the fungal strains tested, 11 strains volatilized a considerable amount of iodine, with L. edodes showing the highest volatilization rate of 3.4%. The volatile organic iodine species emitted from imperfect fungi cultures was identified as methyl iodide (CH₃I). In contrast, six fungal strains in 12 strains accumulated a considerable amount of iodine from the medium with concentration factors of more than 1.0. Among these, Alt. alternata and Cl. cladosporioides accumulated more than 40% of the iodine in their hyphae, and showed high concentration factors of 22 and 18, respectively. These results suggest that filamentous fungi have a potential to influence the mobility and speciation of iodine by volatilization and accumulation. Considering their great biomass in soils, filamentous fungi may contribute to the global circulation of stable iodine and also the long-lived radioiodine, ¹²⁹I (half-life: 1.6 × 10⁷ years), released from nuclear facilities into the environment.     

Environmental Issues in Brackish Water Shrimp Aquaculture in Sri Lanka

Shrimp exports are one of Sri Lanka's major foreign exchange earners and account for 40%–50% of total aquaculture exports. There has been a recent and rapid expansion of the industry in the Northwestern Province (NWP) of Sri Lanka but the industry has suffered from disease outbreaks and environmental problems. Currently, shrimp farms cover nearly 3000 ha of the coastal area of the NWP. The environmental impacts of shrimp cultivation in general are well known and numerous research studies have been done. However, little work has been carried out in Sri Lanka. This study provides some necessary background to brackish water shrimp aquaculture in Sri Lanka. It focuses briefly on the development of shrimp aquaculture and the current status of the industry. Emphasis is placed on two broader aspects—impacts on the existing wetland ecosystem and on the environment. These impacts are presumed to be the main causes hindering the growth of the industry and raising widespread public protest. Current ecosystem and environmental management practices are discussed. Finally, strategic issues for management and sustainable growth are discussed.     

Stream macroinvertebrate baseline surveys: A comparative analysis from the oil-shale regions of Colorado,USA

General surveys of the benthic macroinvertebrates from Piceance Creek and the White River were conducted for nearly a decade prior to oil-shale exploitation in north central Colorado, USA. Comparison of the taxa collected in four studies on Piceance Creek and five studies on the White River shows little similarity among most studies. Studies were generally consistent in methods, site selection, and time of year for collection. Lack of agreement among the studies on what constitutes a baseline of common taxa is probably a result of taxonomic difficulties and differences in technique. More emphasis should be placed on testing possible impacts than on repeated, expensive, and inconclusive baseline inventories.