Full-scale experimental and numerical analysis of water mist system for sheltered fire sources in wind generator compartment

Through a series of full-scale fire experiments and numerical simulations, the effectiveness of water mist system on wind generator could be estimated, and compared with fire parameters, such as exposed or unexposed fire sources, number of nozzles, un-sheltered or sheltered fire sources, and fire source location.The experimental study found that the position of the water mist nozzles and whether the flames inside the oil pan are covered have a significant influence on overall extinguishing efficacy. The water mist system proved to have sound effectiveness on fire suppression in wind generators with sheltered fire source.According to FDS simulations of water mist systems, the simulated temperature curve declined more significantly than that for the actual measurements, indicating that the cooling effect of the simulated water mist was better. However, simulations were used for a situation where water mist was unable to directly extinguish the fire. Analysis of the simulated airflow showed that an opening caused the water to discharge outwards and the airflow was disturbed by the outside; thus, the extinguishing effect was poorer. There was less water with a sheltering object, and thus the extinguishing effect was poorer.     

环境监测的发展现状及发展方向探讨

环境监测是环境保护工作的技术基础、信息源泉和执法保障。环境监测工作应以改善环境质量为出发点。以满足环境管理现代化需要为方向,用科学的数据准确、及时、全面地反映环境状况和变化规律,本文通过分析,阐述今后中国环境监测事业的主要发展方向将是有机污染物水质监测、农村环境监测和生态环境监测,并探讨了主要监测内容。     

微振动台阵记录中空间自相关法的时间延迟校正

本文给出了微振动台阵的波长与台站对间距离的半理论-半经验关系;根据前人的理论和实验,指出微振动波场存在优势方向,即在有效波长范围内,微振动的各道记录存在相位差;提出了投影到某方位的相位校正公式和校正方法,由此实现空间自相关法的相关函数和相速度曲线的时间延迟校正,通过实例验证了该方法的有效性.     

佛山臭氧浓度预报方程的建立与应用

臭氧作为大气中的二次污染物,其形成和变化复杂,臭氧预报更是当下空气污染治理的难题之一.通过分析2014~2017年佛山地区近地面O₃浓度与高低层气象要素的关系,建立了佛山O₃浓度预报方程,并进行了检验和应用.结果表明,佛山近地面O₃的变化与高低层气象要素关系密切,气温和日照时数等气象要素与O₃浓度呈显著正相关,相对湿度、总（低）云量和风速等与其呈负相关;高浓度O₃污染发生的气象条件为小风速、晴间少云、低相对湿度、较长的日照时间和较高的温度,高浓度O₃潜势指数（HOPI）和风向指数（WDI）的定义可以较好地衡量O₃污染气象条件的好坏;综合考虑HOPI和不同高度WDI等13种气象要素,采用多指标叠套和多元逐步回归建立了佛山地区臭氧浓度预报方程;利用2018年资料检验发现,模拟值与实测值二者的相关系数R可达0.82,预报方程具有良好的拟合效果和可预报性.     

超临界水氧化技术的应用进展

本文综述了超临界水氧化技术的原理，影响因素，该技术在水处理方面的应用，并提出了该技术的研究和发展方向。     

含硬夹矸高瓦斯低透气性煤层多向聚能爆破技术研究

针对在含硬夹矸高瓦斯低透气性煤层开采时，一方面煤层瓦斯抽采困难，另一方面煤层中的坚硬夹矸难破碎的问题，开展含硬夹矸高瓦斯低透气性煤层多向聚能爆破研究。理论上，分析多向聚能装药对爆破的影响，引入多向聚能影响系数，计算得出了不同方向上裂隙的范围。通过相似模拟试验，验证了多向聚能爆破实际效果；利用LS-DYNA数值模拟软件，对不同装药方式爆破作用下煤与夹矸裂隙的发育特征及应力演化规律进行了数值模拟研究。研究结果表明:多向聚能爆破能够将爆破能量积聚在夹矸弱化和煤层增透的方向上，形成以导向裂隙为主，大量分支裂隙为辅的裂隙网，在夹矸弱化和煤层增透方向上的应力峰值分别为普通爆破的1.21倍和1.16倍。多向聚能爆破能够在提高破碎坚硬夹矸能力的同时提升煤体中裂隙的发育程度，从而大幅优化爆破效果。     

试论制冷剂现状及其研究试验

阐述制冷剂与环保的关系,分析常用制冷剂对安全、环保的影响,探讨制冷剂研究的发展方向并介绍一种安全、环保、节能的制冷剂.     

论风力发电建设项目的环境监理

目前,随着国家清洁能源的政策支持,风力发电项目已在内蒙古地区普遍发展。风力发电项目对生态环境影响范围大、污染分散,环境监理内容较多,因此做好风力发电建设项目的环境监理工作是十分重要的。本文简述了这方面的环境监理内容。     

南京北郊冬季大气粗细颗粒物中PAHs来源解析

为研究南京冬季大气颗粒物中PAHs来源情况,利用FA-3型气溶胶采样器从2007年11月20日到12月30日在南京郊区分昼夜采集气溶胶样品,并用GC-MS对16种优控PAHs浓度进行定量分析,采用PCA法对其来源进行解析.结果表明,南京冬季细颗粒物中PAHs浓度明显高于粗颗粒物中PAHs浓度,单种类PAH浓度表现出昼夜差异,日间低分子量PAHs含量高于夜间,而夜间高分子量PAHs浓度则相对较高;主成分分析对PAHs源解析结果表明,南京北郊大气颗粒物中PAHs主要来源为机动车尾气、燃煤源、焦化源、天然气燃烧和烹调源等,粗细颗粒物中PAHs排放源差异明显,细颗粒物部分表现出明显的昼夜差异,同时,外来源和不确定源占有较大比重.     

Evaluation of the QUIC-URB fast response urban wind model for a cubical building array and wide building street canyon

This paper describes the QUIC-URB fast response urban wind modeling tool and evaluates it against wind tunnel data for a 7 × 11 cubical building array and wide building street canyon. QUIC-URB is based on the Röckle diagnostic wind modeling strategy that rapidly produces spatially resolved wind fields in urban areas and can be used to drive urban dispersion models. Röckle-type models do not solve transport equations for momentum or energy; rather, they rely heavily on empirical parameterizations and mass conservation. In the model-experiment comparisons, we test two empirical building flow parameterizations within the QUIC-URB model: our implementation of the standard Röckle (SR) algorithms and a set of modified Röckle (MR) algorithms. The MR model attempts to build on the strengths of the SR model and introduces additional physically based, but simple parameterizations that significantly improve the results in most regions of the flow for both test cases. The MR model produces vortices in front of buildings, on rooftops and within street canyons that have velocities that compare much more favorably to the experimental results. We expect that these improvements in the wind field will result in improved dispersion calculations in built environments.