浅议保险对企业安全监督管理之作用

通过开展适合于保险和安全监管工作的风险评估体系的研究,充分发挥保险于安全监管的作用,从而为降低职工、企业乃至全社会的风险水平,为经济的可持续发展和社会稳定提供必要的保证。     

Biopesticide and formulation processes based on starch industrial wastewater fortified with soybean medium

Abstract

The aim of this study was to produce Bacillus thuringiensis-based biopesticide using starch-producing industry wastewater (SIW) fortified with soybean medium and optimize the formulated product using different adjuvants. This study was necessary as low endotoxin concentration is obtained in formulated biopesticide when SIW alone is used as fermentation medium. The fermentation runs were conducted using SIW alone and SIW fortified with 25% soybean (w/v) medium in 2000?L and 150?L bioreactor, respectively. SIW supplemented with soybean medium showed an increase in cell count (from 1.95?×?10⁸ to 1.65?×?10⁹ CFU mL^–1), spore synthesis (from 1.5?×?10⁸ to 1.35?×?10⁹ CFU mL^–1) and endotoxin concentration (from 436 to 1170?μg mL^–1) when compared to SIW medium alone. The fermented broth was concentrated using continuous centrifugation and adjuvants were added for biopesticide formulation in order to enhance its resistance against UV rays and rainfastness. Entomotoxicity of the formulation produced using fermented broth of SIW fortified with soybean (38,000?IU μL^–1) was higher than that obtained by SIW medium alone (21,000?IU μL^–1), commercial biopesticide Foray 76B (20,000?IU μL^–1) and Btk sander’s (12,500?IU μL^–1).     

污染场地绿色可持续修复理念、工程实践及对我国的启示

经过近30年的污染场地修复实践,越来越多的人意识到传统的修复理念存在很多不足。在可持续发展的社会背景下,欧美各国积极倡导绿色可持续修复理念,全面考查污染场地的修复行为对环境、社会和经济造成的所有影响,从而使修复行为的效益最大化。本文介绍了绿色可持续修复的概念与发展情况、评估指标和方法,并分析了一个从多方面贯彻绿色可持续修复原则的工程实践案例。最后,从加强行业和公众的教育培训、构建基于国情的绿色可持续修复评估框架、强化场地前期调查、提高社会利益相关方的参预性等几方面,对我国推进绿色可持续修复的发展提出建议。     

福州市城市化进程与大气污染关系研究

以福州市为研究区域,选取福州市1996—2012年的时间序列数据,将大气污染物浓度作为被解释变量,城市化水平作为解释变量,分别设定二次曲线模型和三次曲线模型,通过比较PM10、SO2、NO2浓度与城市化水平的二次曲线和三次曲线模型的回归拟合效果,得出福州市大气污染与城市化水平之间的演化规律。结果表明,1996—2012年,福州市城市化水平平稳上升,城市的大气污染程度与城市化水平之间的关系并不完全符合"倒U型"的环境库兹涅茨曲线,不同的污染物类型具有不同的演化规律。PM10、SO2与城市化水平呈"倒N型"的曲线关系;NO2与城市化水平之间呈现"倒U型"曲线关系。由于研究的时间序列较短,因而研究结果可能只是真实曲线的一部分,福州市的大气污染与城市化水平之间的关系还有待进一步研究。     

Enhanced science–stakeholder communication to improve ecosystem model performances for climate change impact assessments

In recent years, climate impact assessments of relevance to the agricultural and forestry sectors have received considerable attention. Current ecosystem models commonly capture the effect of a warmer climate on biomass production, but they rarely sufficiently capture potential losses caused by pests, pathogens and extreme weather events. In addition, alternative management regimes may not be integrated in the models. A way to improve the quality of climate impact assessments is to increase the science–stakeholder collaboration, and in a two-way dialog link empirical experience and impact modelling with policy and strategies for sustainable management. In this paper we give a brief overview of different ecosystem modelling methods, discuss how to include ecological and management aspects, and highlight the importance of science–stakeholder communication. By this, we hope to stimulate a discussion among the science–stakeholder communities on how to quantify the potential for climate change adaptation by improving the realism in the models.     

基于SWMM模型的合流制管道溢流污染控制系统模拟

针对合流制管网污水溢流所导致的城市内涝和城市内河黑臭问题,以武汉市巡司河片区为例,利用暴雨洪水管理模型(storm water management model,SWMM)软件,构建该地区合流制排水系统的水力水质模型,模拟了不同降雨强度的暴雨模拟和全年降雨状况,分析了该地区溢流污染特征,据此提出了切实有效的合流制排水系统改造方案,并采用SWMM模型对不同改造方案的溢流水量和水质控制效果进行了模拟。结果表明,在箱涵与雨水调蓄池的共同作用下,对溢流污水量的截流比例在90%以上,年溢流次数小于10次,年溢流水量平均减少了1.75×10⁷ m³,对污染物的截流比例均在95%以上,每年溢流进入地表水中的COD减少了3 295.5 t,NH₃-N减少了505.8 t,TP减少了63.1 t,SS减少了1 981.1 t,溢流问题得到了极大的缓解,溢流污染能够得到较好的控制。随着暴雨重现期延长,截流效果会随之下降。箱涵和雨水调蓄池的组合措施对溢流污水具有明显的削减和调控作用,能够有效降低城市内涝隐患和缓解内河黑臭化问题,通过定量表征箱涵-雨水调蓄池组合在溢流污染方面的控制效果,为国内合流制排水管网改造提供技术支持和海绵城市设计提供参考。     

煤矿安全风险预控与隐患闭环管理信息系统设计研究

从事故风险管理理论出发,借鉴国外风险管理的流程和方法,总结国内煤矿安全管理中隐患治理的先进实践经验,设计了满足煤矿危险源辨识、评价、管理标准与措施制定流程的风险预控管理,隐患治理中的反馈式闭环管理以及员工"三违"的流程管理需求的煤矿安全管理信息系统。通过安全管理信息系统的实施,能够使煤矿的风险管理系统化、规范化,煤矿生产中的潜在危险源得到有效管理,隐患及人员不安全行为能够得到及时控制,避免或减少煤矿事故的发生。     

浅析我国建筑安全管理存在的问题及对策

建筑行业安全生产事故频发,死伤众多,不仅影响了经济发展和社会稳定,而且损害了党、政府和我国改革开放的形象。从目前建筑安全生产状况来看,无论是管理部门的监督管理还是建筑企业的内部管理,都存在着一些亟待解决的问题。这些问题直接影响甚至制约着建筑安全工作的发展,必须加以改进。本文首先提出我国当前建筑安全管理存在的主要问题,分别从国家、建筑企业、建筑工人三个方面进行分析;然后针对这些问题提出我国建筑安全管理的对策。     

纺织工业安全生产特点及安全对策管理

简要分析了纺织工业安全生产的特点及安全管理的难点,从而针对性地应用了安全对策管理,并取得一定成效。     

Institutional, Legal, and Economic Instruments in Ghana's Environmental Policy

The environmental situation in Ghana is characterized by desertification, land degradation, deforestation, soil erosion, and inadequate water supply in the northern regions of the country. The population as a whole is growing at a rate of 3% per annum, with even greater urban growth rates, due to rural out-migration. Large parts of the coastal zone in the south are rapidly developing to become one large suburbanized area. Water quality is particularly threatened in the urban and industrialized areas, which are mainly located in the southern part of the country. The coastal lagoons and coastal waters are moderately to heavily polluted. Erosion extends along the whole Ghanaian coast with excesses, for example, in the Keta area, where during the last century over 90% of the original buildings have been washed awayby the sea. The obvious environmental consequences of the mining sector are illustrative of the environmental threats caused by a fast growing industry and industrializing agriculture, in a country where environmental policy is only in its formative years. Desertification, food insecurity and coastal erosion all contribute to an increasing number of environmental refugees. Environmental policy in Ghana is a post-Rio phenomenon. Environmental laws, a Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, an advisory National Committee for the Implementation of Agenda 21, and a fully mandated environmental administration have been established. This administration advocates a progressive attitude towards environmental legislation and points out the specific utility of economic and legal instruments in environmental management in this relatively fast developing country. The choice of instruments for environmental management is increasingly influenced by the specific state of African environmental and technological capacity and by a call for the recognition of the role of traditional customs in nature conservation. This African perspective on environmental management is further intensified by an unmet need for regional, transboundary cooperation in the West African subcontinent. This specific West African context calls for an elaboration of an effective capacity-building program for environmental management in the area.