加油站爆炸事故的危险性评价

将加油站储罐分为地上储罐和地下储罐两种情况,采用故障树分析法对其爆炸事故进行了定性分析,找出了导致加油站爆炸事故的重要基本事件,提出了加油站爆炸事故的预防措施。     

在运有载分接开关故障多维统计分析

为加强分接开关故障的事前预防与隐患排查,保障电力系统的安全稳定运行,根据故障类型、产品类型和应用环境等维度,对国家电网公司在运分接开关进行故障统计分析.研究结果表明:分接开关发生"分接头不同步"的概率相对最高,二次回路的继电器故障频次最高;真空灭弧分接开关的故障概率略低于绝缘油灭弧分接开关;气候湿润地区、昼夜温差大地区...     

汛期尾矿坝溃坝事故树分析

根据汛期尾矿坝溃坝的一些典型事例,概括出了导致尾矿坝溃坝的基本事件,应用事故树分析中的最小割集、最小径集及结构重要度,对汛期尾矿坝溃坝事故进行了研究,结果表明,可以选择由滑坡量大、超出正常设计的降雨、未采取有效的排洪措施、大于设计烈度的地震4个事件构成的最小径集作为控制汛期尾矿坝溃坝事故发生的途径,未采取有效的排洪措施是这一途径中的控制重点,可以通过修复或增设排洪设施,汛前降低库水位等措施来实现,这对指导尾矿坝防洪渡汛有重要意义。     

LNG储罐火灾和爆炸事故树分析

对引起液化天然气储罐发生火灾、爆炸的因素进行系统分析,建立以LNG储罐火灾、爆炸为顶事件的事故树,并进行事故树分析,得到影响顶事件的各阶最小割集。利用二次计算的方法,更加精确地计算底事件的结构重要度系数,确定了影响储罐事故的主要因素,为提高LNG储罐的安全性和运行可靠性,提出相应的改进措施。     

Design of Intelligent Fault Diagnostic System (FDS)

This research work presents useful framework and mechanism for integrated fault diagnostic system, or FDS. The proposed system is composed of three major subsystems: fault detection, root cause and consequence analyzer, and maintenance analyzer. Learning mechanisms are proposed to extract knowledge about deviations/failure modes from real time process and equipment monitoring data. Fault semantic network is proposed to represent failure modes and fault propagation models as integrated with process and equipment models. Qualitative rules are defined and associated with fault semantic networks for practical Actual maintenance findings are used to tune training data for more accurate fault detection and root cause and consequence analysis. Case study is used to illustrate the proposed idea.     

An integrated off-on line approach for increasing stability and effectiveness of automated controlled systems based on pump dependability—case study: Offshore industry

Automated controlled systems are vulnerable to faults. Faults can be amplified by the closed loop control systems and they can develop into malfunction of the loop. A control loop failure will easily cause production stop or malfunction at a petrochemical plant. A way to achieve a stable and effective automated system is to enhance equipment dependability. This paper presents a standard methodology for the analysis and improvement of pump performance to enhance total operational effectiveness and stability in offshore industry based on dependability. Furthermore, it is shown how a reliability–safety analysis can be conducted through equipment dependability indicators to facilitate the mitigation of hazard frequency in a plant. The main idea is to employ principle component analysis (PCA) and importance analysis (IA) to provide insight on the pumps performance. The pumps of offshore industries are considered according to OREDA classification. The approach identifies the critical pump and their fault through which the major hazards could initiate in the process. At first PCA is used for assessing the performance of the pumps and ranking them. IA is then performed for the worst pump which could have most impact on the overall system effectiveness to classify their components based on the component criticality measures (CCM). The analysis of the classified components can ferret out the leading causes and common-cause events to pave a way toward improving pump performance through design optimization and online fault detection which ultimately enhance overall operational effectiveness.     

图像识别技术及其在机械零件无损检测中的应用

无损检测法是一种常用的故障诊断技术,故障诊断从本质上来讲就是模式识别问题,而模式识别又可以狭义地理解为图像识别。从介绍图像、图像识别、图像识别过程和图像识别系统的基本概念着手,就几种常用图像识别方法的原理和特点进行比较,给出了CCD图像获取系统的组成。最后,结合发动机曲轴的一种自动磁粉探伤系统实例,对系统的图像处理和识别流程进行详细的讨论,并针对一般无损检测系统难以满足曲轴的检测要求和精度要求的状况,提出经过改进的一种适用于曲轴的整体无损检测系统。该系统有助于高效和完整地获取整个曲轴的图像,提高图像信息的质量,从而提高发动机曲轴表面缺陷检测的准确性和可靠性。     

城市轨道交通运营系统风险分析方法探讨

本文通过分析城市轨道交通运营系统风险特性,结合系统安全性分析理论,提出选用作业过程风险分析、事故树分析及事件树分析相结合的综合方法分析城市轨道交通运营风险,介绍了该综合性分析方法结合的思路与方法,并运用该方法分析了广州地铁1、2、3、4号线运营风险。     

燃煤热电厂火灾危险性事故树分析

根据燃煤热电厂工艺设置的要求和所使用原料的性质,分析了燃煤热电厂的火灾危险性,用事故树方法分别对输煤皮带火灾、锅炉燃烧室爆燃、汽轮机油泄漏火灾、电缆火灾等4个生产单元的火灾危险性进行了定性分析和定量计算,并根据分析结果针对性地提出了防火措施.     

一起先导式安全阀未超压起跳故障分析

通过对一起先导式安全阀起跳的原因进行分析,认为该安全阀起跳的主要原因是工艺操作未控制好及未按规范要求落实定期校验制度,并就先导式安全阀的使用、维修、校验等环节提出应对措施。