环渤海湿地芦苇对TC、TN、TP吸收通量的研究

主要调查研究环渤海湿地芦苇对TC、TN、TP的吸收通量。调查表明,2008年环渤海湿地的芦苇面积为20.08×104hm2。2009年,芦苇总生物量在7月、10月和11月的调查结果分别为267.2×104t、183.4×104t和138.0×104t。7月、10月和11月,芦苇对TC的吸收通量分别为115.58×104t、80.68×104t、64.23×104t;对TN的吸收通量分别为4.03×104t、1.45×104t、0.84×104t;对TP的吸收通量分别为0.37×104t、0.10×104t、0.031×104t。     

单一好氧环境下的强化生物除磷研究

将乙酸钠为单一碳源、厌氧/好氧交替、具有较好除磷效果的传统生物除磷SBR系统,改为单一的好氧SBR运行方式,发现改变后的SBR系统仍可取得较好的除磷效果,除磷率最高达73.9%,最低约40%,平均维持在50%左右.这种现象可以维持长达80个周期.污泥含磷率由最初的1.43%增加到6.56%.对污泥微生物胞内PHB和糖原进行测定,结果表明此系统中微生物PHB和糖原在VSS中含量分别约为27 mg/g和26 mg/g,二者含量在好氧过程中都基本保持不变.通过对反应过程中碳源消耗与磷吸收关系的分析,认为该单一好氧条件下的生物除磷机制是由于长期以乙酸钠为唯一碳源下,试验系统中活性污泥被驯化,在胞内聚磷颗粒含量容纳能力范围内还可以在好氧环境下以乙酸钠氧化产生的ATP为能量进行磷吸收所致.     

微生物絮凝剂ZS-7的纯化及其结构特征研究

采用透析、乙醇沉淀、凝胶过滤层析对微生物絮凝剂ZS-7进行了纯化.经鉴定纯化后的微生物絮凝剂ZS-7是一种新型的糖蛋白,其产量大约为0.98 g/L发酵液.ZS-7主要由多糖和蛋白质组成,含量分别为91.5%和8.4%.进一步的分析表明ZS-7中含有酸性多糖包括糖醛酸(16.4%)、丙酮酸(7.1%)和乙酸(0.5%).采用凝胶色谱法测得ZS-7的相对分子质量为6.89×104.红外光谱、X射线能谱图和核磁共振图谱说明糖蛋白絮凝剂ZS-7含有羟基、氨基、羧基、甲氧基和磺酸等功能性基团.单糖组成分析说明ZS-7主要由鼠李糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,各单糖的摩尔比大致为:半乳糖∶葡萄糖∶甘露糖∶鼠李糖=142∶2.2∶4.5∶3.4.     

实车三效催化剂表面成分分析

对主要在北京行驶的总里程在34×104～59×104km的6辆轻型出租车用三效催化剂,利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)分析了其表面元素的种类、含量,以及污染物元素含量与行驶里程的关系.结果表明,在催化剂表面检测到的元素种类近30种,含量较高的元素种类基本相同.前后级催化剂上检测到的共同污染物元素有P、Ca、Zn和Mn等,主要来自于机油和汽油,34×104km行驶里程后,P在催化剂的累积速度已非常缓慢,Ca、Zn和Mn在催化剂表面的沉积经过56×104km后仍有增加的趋势.在后级催化剂上还检测到了明显的S含量,说明S更容易在后级催化剂上沉积.经过40×104km行驶里程后,S在催化剂表面的沉积量基本达到平衡状态.累积规律说明经过40×104km行驶里程后,容易使催化剂中毒的P和S对催化剂活性影响已较小,而Ca、Zn和Mn的持续累积,将会继续降低催化剂的活性.     

改进的模糊层次分析法在南苕溪临安段水质评价中的应用

南苕溪是太湖的源头水系,其水质状况对杭嘉湖平原居民饮用水安全和太湖流域的污染治理有重要意义.为了了解南苕溪的水质状况,在临安段开展了2年的水质监测,分别在2009年7月、10月和2010年1月、4月采集了水样并进行水质评价.同时,为了克服以往模糊层次分析法存在的低估污染的严重性及不能评价劣Ⅴ类水质的缺点,建立了一个改进...     

利用X射线吸收近边结构光谱(XANES)研究水泥窑共处置产品中Ni和Cd的微观组成

在模拟水泥窑中高温煅烧掺有Ni、Cd化学试剂的水泥生料,并由制取的水泥熟料制备水泥净浆片.利用X射线吸收近边结构光谱（XANES）对水泥窑共处置产品中Ni、Cd的微观组成进行了研究.结果表明：Ni在水泥窑煅烧过程中发生了较为彻底的化学变化,形成了Ni-Mg化合物,该化合物可能是以氧化物、氢氧化物或碳酸盐的形式存在;水泥...     

Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

Fabrication and photoelectrocatalytic properties of nanocrystalline monoclinic BiVO4 thin-film electrode

Monoclinic bismuth vanadate(BiVO4) thin film was fabricated on indium-tin oxide glass from an amorphous heteronuclear complex via dip-coating.After annealation at 400,500,and 600°C,the thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The BiVO4 particles on the ITO glass surface had a monoclinic structure.The UV-Visible diffuse reflection spectra showed the BiVO4 thin film had photoabsorption propertie...     

Effects of metal cations on sorption-desorption of p-nitrophenol onto wheat ash

The mutual e ects of metal cations (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+) and p-nitrophenol (NP) on their adsorption desorption behavior onto wheat ash were studied. Results suggested that Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ diminished the adsorption and increased the desorption of NP remarkably, while Cd2+ had no such e ect. In contrast, NP diminished the adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ onto ash, however, this suppression e ect depended on the initial concentrations of metal cations. NP had no e ect on Cd2+ adsorption on ash. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) studies suggested the following mechanisms responsible for the metal suppression e ect on NP adsorption: (1) large hydrated Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ shells occupied the surface of ash and prevent nonspecific adsorption of NP onto ash surface; (2) Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ may block the micropores of ash, resulting in decreased adsorption of NP; (3) complexation of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ was likely via carboxyl, hydroxylic and phenolic groups of wheat ash and these same groups may also react with NP during adsorption. As a “soft acid”, Cd2+ is less e cient in the complexation of oxygencontaining acid groups than Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+. Thus, Cd2+ had no e ect on the adsorption of NP on wheat ash.     

Resistance and biosorption mechanism of silver ions by Bacillus cereus biomass

Biosorption of silver ions onto Bacillus cereus biomass was investigated. Overall kinetic experiments were performed for the determination of the necessary contact time for the attainment of equilibrium. It was found that the overall biosorption process was best described by pseudo second-order kinetic model. The crystals detected by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested the precipitation was a possible mechanism of biosorption. The molecular genetics of silver resistance of B. cereus biomass was also detected and illustrated by a whole cell sensor tool.