X射线对硅元素的测定和图谱分析

用X射线对硅元素进行测定,通过衍射1图谱分析及数据处理,再根据峰值测出2θ值。计算出对应的d值,与相应的理论值进行对比。     

人体能自我保护防低辐射伤害

美国《大众科学》月刊网站：医生经常接触X射线，其细胞可能已经适应，能够承受辐射 一项新的研究显示，医生经常接触x射线，其细胞可能已经适应，能够进行自我保护，免受辐射伤害。这项研究暗示，人类可能通过适应承受住辐照。     

云南低纬高原地区大气污染与逆温强度关系研究

利用云南省10个环境影响评价个例及2019年昆明市臭氧监测资料中发生轻度污染的8个个例,分析研究了逆温的强度特征与大气污染的关系,逆温强度对常规大气污染物浓度有较好的正相关,逆温强度越大,大气污染物浓度越大。分析表明逆温强度大于等于1.2℃/100 m的逆温才会对常规大气污染物传输和分布产生影响,对常规大气污染物传输和分布产生影响的逆温统计频率与常规统计的逆温频率相差较大。臭氧污染浓度与同期逆温相关性较差,逆温不是影响臭氧生成、传输和分布的主要气象因素。     

构建三元混合污染物的三维等效图

等效线分析法广泛应用于二元混合物的毒性相互作用评估.然而,如何构建三维等效图以考察三元混合物中发生的毒性相互作用至今没有文献报道.本研究的主要目的即以三元混合物中3个组分的相对浓度为坐标轴建立三维等效图以考察三元混合物的毒性相互作用.以6种目前在中国广泛使用的农药,包括3种除草剂(2,4-D、敌草净、西草净)和3种杀虫剂(乐果、吡虫啉、残杀威)为混合物组分,采用均匀设计射线法(UD-Ray)分别对三元除草剂和三元杀虫剂混合物中各组分浓度分布进行优化设计,以全面表征实际混合物的浓度多样性.通过费氏弧菌微板毒性分析法测定农药及其三元混合物在不同浓度下的发光抑制毒性,以浓度加和(CA)模型为加和参考模型,建立三维等效图,分析各混合物的毒性相互作用.结果表明,三维等效图能清晰、直观地反映三元混合物的毒性相互作用信息,开拓等效分析法在三元混合物毒性分析中的应用.     

某电气股份有限公司X射线探伤检查实时成像系统辐射环境影响评价

对某电气股份有限公司现在用的1台X射线探伤检查实时成像系统进行辐射环境影响评价。对探伤工作场所及周围进行辐射环境质量现状监测,分析辐射事故的影响,并调查公司采取的辐射防护措施以及辐射安全管理状况。结果表明:探伤室防护性能良好,探伤作业不会对周围环境产生明显辐射影响;公司采取的辐射防护措施比较完善,并已形成较为完整的辐射安全管理体系。     

Synthesis of novel CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic properties

To utilize visible light more effectively in photocatalytic reactions, a fly ash cenosphere （FAC）-supported CeO2-BiV04 （CeO2-BiVO4/FAC） composite photocatalyst was prepared by modified metalorganic decomposition and impregnation methods. The physical and photophysical properties of the composite have been characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra. The XRD patterns exhibited characteristic diffraction peaks of both BiVO4 and Ce02 crystalline phases. The XPS results showed that Ce was present as both Ce4＋ and Ce3＋ oxidation states in Ce02 and dispersed on the surface of BiV04 to constitute a p-n heterojunction composite. The absorption threshold of the CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite shifted to a longer wavelength in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum compared to the pure Ce02 and pure BiV04. The composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for Methylene Blue （MB） degradation under visible light irradiation. It was found that the 7.5 wt.% CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite showed the highest photocatalytic activity for MB dye wastewater treatment.     

核辐射——勿需害怕,但须小心

<正>2011年3月11日下午,日本东部海域发生里氏9.0级大地震,并引发了海啸。位于日本本州岛东部沿海的福岛第一核电站停堆,几个机组发生了失去冷却剂事故。3月12日下午,一号机组发生了爆炸。3月14日,三号机组发生了两次爆炸。这几次爆炸的发生,改写了世界核安全历史,从而又一次触动了老百姓恐"核"的神经。核辐射究竟是什么?核辐射真的很可怕吗?一、人类所受核辐射的来源本文所说的辐射指核电离辐射。人类所受照射的来源主要有两个方面:一个是天然辐射,另一个是人工辐射,其中天     

粉末标准曲线XRF法检测土壤中的重/类金属

建立并验证一种简便、快速、准确、可靠的土壤中7种典型重金属元素(铅、镉、汞、铬、铜、锌、镍)和1种类金属元素(砷)的粉末标准曲线XRF检测方法。研究XRF检测中土壤样品的粒度、密度、样品量、XRF检测参数及干扰效应等的影响,优化XRF检测土壤样品的前处理方法、检测条件和定量标准曲线,以建立土壤样品中铅、镉、汞、铬、砷、铜、锌、镍的XRF检测方法。研究表明,通过选择合适的滤光片,可明显提高XRF检测灵敏度;随着粒度的减小,样品均匀度不断提高,样品密度也随着提高,XRF响应也逐渐下降及稳定,相对标准偏差从1.4%~14.1%降至0.5%~2.0%,最终选择粒度200目的土壤样品4 g,装入样品罐中手动抖实后,进行XRF检测;使用土壤加标样品制作XRF检测定量标准曲线,线性相关系数r20.99,再通过土壤标准样品进行验证、校正,降低不同土壤样品基质对定量产生的影响。所建XRF检测方法与ICP-MS方法检测结果吻合度高,方法稳定性好,方法检测限低(4.5~58.9 mg/kg),其中5种元素满足GB15618-1995中一级限量标准的检测要求。土壤监测结果表明,目标区土壤均符合二级土壤限量标准,其中2个样品符合一级标准,该区土壤环境质量总体较好。     

Removal of arsenate with hydrous ferric oxide coprecipitation：Effect of humic acid

Insights from the adverse effect of humic acid(HA) on arsenate removal with hydrous ferric oxide(HFO) coprecipitation can further our understanding of the fate of As(V) in water treatment process. The motivation of our study is to explore the competitive adsorption mechanisms of humic acid and As(V) on HFO on the molecular scale. Multiple complementary techniques were used including macroscopic adsorption experiments, surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS), extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) spectroscopy, flow-cell attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR) measurement, and charge distribution multisite complexation(CDMUSIC) modeling. The As(V) removal efficiency was reduced from over 95% to about 10% with the increasing HA concentration to 25 times of As(V) mass concentration. The SERS analysis excluded the HA-As(V) complex formation. The EXAFS results indicate that As(V) formed bidentate binuclear surface complexes in the presence of HA as evidenced by an As-Fe distance of 3.26–3.31 ?. The in situ ATR-FTIR measurements show that As(V) replaces surface hydroxyl groups and forms innersphere complex. High concentrations of HA may physically block the surface sites and inhibit the As(V) access. The adsorption of As(V) and HA decreased the point of zero charge of HFO from 7.8 to 5.8 and 6.3, respectively. The CD-MUSIC model described the zeta potential curves and adsorption edges of As(V) and HA reasonably well.     

Graphene-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution and mechanistic study

Excess phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is one of the key factors causing eutrophication in many lakes in China,so finding a cost-effective method to remove phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is very important for the health of the aqueous environment. Graphene was selected to support nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)for phosphorus removal from synthetic rainwater runoff in this article. Compared with nZVI supported on other porous materials,graphene-supported nZVI(G-nZVI) could remove phosphorus more efficiently. The amount of nZVI in G-nZVI was an important factor in the removal of phosphorus by G-nZVI,and G-nZVI with 20 wt.% nZVI(20% G-nZVI)could remove phosphorus most efficiently. The nZVI was very stable and could disperse very well on graphene,as characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to elucidate the reaction process,and the results indicated that Fe-O-P was formed after phosphorus was adsorbed by G-nZVI. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction(XRD) indicated that the reaction product between nZVI supported on graphene and phosphorus was Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O(Vivianite). It was confirmed that the specific reaction mechanism for the removal of phosphorus with nZVI or G-nZVI was mainly due to chemical reaction between nZVI and phosphorus.