近30年来土壤种子库研究的回顾与展望

土壤种子库(Soil Seed Bank)是指单位面积的土壤及土壤表面的落叶层中所有具有生命力的种子的总和.由于土壤种子库在植被的更新和恢复、生物多样性的维护、植被的演替过程和扩散过程等方面都具有重要作用,近年来成为生态学和土壤学等学科的研究热点.文章查阅了近30年来发表的关于土壤种子库研究的代表性SCI论文,首次运用文献分析与管理软件Endnote X1和Refviz对该研究领域的相关文献进行了系统的分析,结果发现:有关土壤种子库论文发表数量逐年增长的同时,每个年代末会呈现一个明显的峰值.在此基础上,根据不同年代研究的内容和特点,初步将土壤种子库的研究划分为三个主要阶段:(1)土壤种子库研究的探索阶段(1978-1989年);(2)土壤种子库研究方法与内容的成熟阶段(1990-1999年);(3)土壤种子库理论体系与研究内容扩展阶段(2000年至现在),并对各个阶段的研究重点和主要研究成果进行了详细的综述.最后就长久土壤种子库调查、种子库年际变化、干扰影响机制等研究热点做了展望,为今后土壤种子库的研究工作提供了参考策略.     

Deoxynivalenol impairs proliferation and induces apoptosis in primary murine osteoblasts

The effects of deoxynivalenol in different dose including 100, 200, 500, 1000, and 1500 µg/L on primary cranial osteoblasts from fetal mice were investigated. Fluorescence staining, flow cytometric measurement, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol 2-y1)-3,5-di-phenyltetrazolium bromide assay, quantitative PCR, and Western blot were used for the test. Mineralization and proliferation of osteoblasts decreased upon 100 µg/L and higher deoxynivalenol treatment and apoptosis of osteoblasts was increased upon 500, 1000, and 1500 µg/L deoxynivalenol treatment. Karyopyknosis, membrane breakage, and a decreased number of calcium nodes were also observed upon 500 µg/L deoxynivalenol treatment. The mRNA and protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein were upregulated, B-cell lymphoma-2 protein downregulated with increasing concentrations of deoxynivalenol treatment and their ratio increased. Deoxynivalenol induces apoptosis of osteoblasts, suggesting a mechanism by which deoxynivalenol can affect murine skeletal development.     

Variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and biofilm of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in continuous membrane bioreactor for Reactive Brilliant Red X3-B treatment

The influence of a Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B (RBR X-3B) dye on the peroxidase isoenzyme of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was determined, and the biofilm structure in a white rot fungal continuous membrane bioreactor (MBR) was also investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and the decolorization rate in the continuous MBR were evaluated. The results showed that the 100 mg/L RBR X-3B could stimulate the production of the peroxidase isoenzyme in the shaking-flask culture. In addition, two new peroxidase isoenzyme bands with relative mobility (Rf) value of 0.27 and 0.28 appeared, but the activity was lower than the blank control of 11 d. In the continuous MBR, the system worked stably during the first 60 d, the main peroxidase isoenzyme bands existed and three new bands with Rf value of 0.10, 0.27, and 0.28 appeared. Meanwhile, the biofilm grew well and the average decolorization rate could reach 90.6%. But the bands of peroxidase isoenzyme decreased rapidly at day 65, only two bands with Rf value 0.24 and 0.26 existed, and the decolorization rate decreased to 78.3%. Therefore, 5 bottles of P. chrysosporium mycelial pellet were added into the MBR, and then the activity of the peroxidase isoenzyme and the decolorization rate had a slight recovery. Finally, the decolorization rate finally decreased to 75.2%. These results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and biofilm in continuous MBR by white rot fungi.     

纳米复合材料去除水中苯酚的实验研究

本文对X型纳米分子筛与硅藻土组成的复合材料对废水中苯酚的去除进行了探讨。采用了静态方法进行正交实验,探讨了硅藻土的类型(包括CD02,CD06,CD010和吉林硅藻土JL),硅藻土的用量、X型纳米分子筛的用量、苯酚浓度、搅拌时间及pH值对苯酚去除率的影响。通过各因素对苯酚去除率影响的实验,得出复合材料去除苯酚的最佳实验条件。然后,对复合材料和活性炭分别进行再生实验,确定最佳活化温度,并对再生后的结果进行对比。     

一种具有谐振特性的左手材料结构设计与仿真

文章提出了一种具有谐振特性的左手材料结构单元。该结构基于谐振型左手材料理论设计,使用CST电磁仿真软件,分析了该材料结构的谐振特性,并进一步提取出该材料的等效介电常数、等效磁导率和波矢量。结果表明,在4个结构单元条件下,该结构在X波段10.89-11.49GHz范围内出现由谐振特性产生的通带,其中在10.89-11.31GHz内出现右手传输通带以及在11.31-11.49GHz内出现谐振型左手通带。该结构的带通特性,或可在X波段范围内微波器件领域获得广泛应用。     

X70钢在包头土壤环境中的腐蚀规律研究

通过在内蒙古包头土壤中室内埋设试样的方法,考察了土壤温度、含水量以及埋设时间对X70钢腐蚀情况的影响,利用失重法和电化学极化曲线方法测定了腐蚀速率.通过SEM和EDS对腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物进行了观察与分析.实验结果表明,腐蚀速率在埋设60天内一直没有达到稳定,并随温度的升高而增加,在45℃、10%含水量土壤中埋设15天时达最大值;腐蚀程度随时间的延长而加剧;当埋设时间和温度相同时,X70钢在10%含水量土壤中腐蚀严重,在20%含水量的包头土壤中腐蚀轻微;X70钢的腐蚀机理主要是均匀腐蚀和点蚀,腐蚀产物主要为Fe的氧化物.     

环境因素对X80管线钢在NS4溶液中腐蚀性的影响

通过动电位极化方法研究了温度、溶解氧、pH值等环境因素对X80管线钢在NS4溶液中腐蚀性的影响,并将三者对X80钢腐蚀速率的影响程度进行了灰关联分析.动电位极化曲线试验结果表明:随着NS4溶液中溶解氧含量的减少,X80钢的腐蚀电流密度(icorr)降低,耐腐蚀性增加;随着溶液温度升高和溶液pH值降低,X80钢的腐蚀电流密度增加,耐腐蚀性下降;灰关联分析结果表明:根据关联度的大小,环境因素对X80钢腐蚀速率影响大小的顺序为溶解氧、溶液pH值、温度.     

半干半湿法烟气脱硫净化技术研究

讨论了半干半湿法烟气处理技术的特点 ,进行了 35t h燃煤锅炉烟气处理系统脱硫效率的稳定性研究。实验内容包括出塔烟气温度、Ca S摩尔比和循环飞灰量对SO2 去除效率的影响。研究结果表明 ,在Ca S摩尔比 <1 2的条件下 ,脱硫效率可达 85 1% ;Ca S摩尔比为 1 4时 ,脱硫效率为 88 3%。在循环飞灰量和石灰比为 4∶1,Ca S摩尔比为1 15的条件下 ,SO2 的去除效率为 81 0 7% ,系统的除尘效率达 97 7%。