Utilization of nano/micro-size iron recovered from the fine fraction of automobile shredder residue for phenol degradation in water

Phenol removal by n/m Fe in the presence of H₂O₂ was highly effective. Increasing the amounts of n/m Fe and H₂O₂?increased the phenol removal rate. Phenol removal was decreased with an increase in the concentration of phenol. The natural pH (6.9) of the solution was highly effective for phenol removal. The pseudo-first-order kinetics was best fitted for the degradation of phenol. The study investigates the magnetic separation of Fe from automobile shredder residue (ASR) (<0.25 mm) and its application for phenol degradation in water. The magnetically separated Fe was subjected to an ultrasonically assisted acid treatment, and the degradation of phenol in an aqueous solution using nano/micro-size Fe (n/m Fe) was investigated in an effort to evaluate the possibility of utilizing n/m Fe to remove phenol from wastewater. The prepared n/m Fe was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of the dosages of n/mFe, pH, concentration of phenol and amount of H₂O₂ on phenol removal were evaluated. The results confirm that the phenol degradation rate was improved with an increase in the dosages of n/mFe and H₂O₂; however, the rate is reduced when the phenol concentration is higher. The degradation of phenol by n/mFe followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The value of the reaction rate constant (k) was increased as the amounts of n/m Fe and H₂O₂ increased. Conversely, the value of k was reduced when the concentration of phenol was increased. The probable mechanism behind the degradation of phenol by n/m Fe is the oxidation of phenol through hydroxyl radicals which are produced during the reaction between H₂O₂ and n/m Fe.     

The implications of planting mode on cadmium uptake and remobilization in rice: Field experiments across growth stages

•Direct seeding (DS) method led to more distributed Cd in aerial parts of rice. •The Cd content was significantly higher in brown rice with planting mode of DS. •Using DS lessened the Fe plaque covering the root surface in all growth stages. •Transplantation mode should be considered as a priority in Cd-contaminated areas. Global rice production practices have gradually changed from a reliance on transplanting to direct seeding. Yet how this shift may alter cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice is poorly known. Here we conducted field experiments with two rice genotypes cultivars that were planted using three methods: via direct seeding (DS), seedling throwing (ST), and manual transplanting (MT). Rice samples were collected during four growth stages. The formation and distribution of iron plaque were analyzed using DCB (dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate) extractions and observed under micro-XRF (micro X-ray fluorescence). The results revealed that, in each growth stage, DS rice was more apt to harbor Cd distributed in the plant’s aerial parts, and the Cd concentration of brown rice from DS was 21.8%–43.3% significantly higher than those from ST and MT at maturity stage (p<0.05). During the vegetative stages, the Cd uptake percentage was higher in DS than MT rice, and those plants arising from the DS method were capable of absorbing more Cd earlier in their growth and development. Conversely, using DS decreased the amount of iron plaque covering the root surface in every growth stage, especially in the critical period of Cd accumulation, such that the roots’ middle areas were distinguished by a near-complete absence of iron plaque, thus weakening its role as an effective barrier to Cd uptake from soil. Collectively, this study demonstrated that implementing the DS mode of planting will increase Cd’s distribution in the aboveground parts of rice, and heightening the risk of Cd contamination in grain.     

浅析被动式FTIR走航监测技术在废气监测中的应用

与传统的监测技术相比,走航监测技术具有监测范围大、响应快速、机动性强的特点,在工业园区及企业废气排放的监测监控、溯源定位方面应用较为广泛。被动式傅里叶红外(FTIR)走航监测技术可以动态、立体、实时地扫描周围一定空域气体中的污染物质。采用被动式FTIR走航监测车,对不同的工业园区企业进行监测,结果表明,被动式FTIR走航监测可对实时发现的超标或异常有毒有害、易燃易爆、异味因子排放装置进行及时的定位和溯源,为环保部门和企业对污染物进行进一步精细化管控提供了有力的科学依据。     

河流-湖泊系统中溶解有机质的示踪及迁移

应用同步和三维荧光光谱对夏季贵州红枫湖、百花湖河流-湖泊系统的DOM(溶解有机质)进行识别和示踪,重点揭示了人为来源DOM的迁移和影响.结果表明,人为来源DOM比例较大的水体r(287 nm/332 nm)(同步荧光光谱指数)均大于1,r(B/C)(三维荧光光谱指数)较高,287 nm处的同步荧光峰是有机污染物的特征峰.与红枫湖表层水相比,百花湖表层水出现明显的类蛋白荧光峰,且r(287 nm/332 nm)(2.7)远大于红枫湖(0.7),指示百花湖中人为来源ρ(DOM)高于红枫湖.东门桥河向百花湖输送了较多人为来源DOM,但在百花湖水体纵向剖面4 m以下受到的影响较小.经过稀释和净化百花湖出口人为来源的ρ(DOM)已降至较低水平.同步荧光和三维荧光光谱联合可用来识别和示踪水体中人为来源ρ(DOM).      

夏季巢湖入湖河流溶解性有机质来源及其空间变化

使用紫外-可见光吸收光谱（UV-vis）和三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析法（EEM-PARAFAC）,分析了2019年夏季巢湖流域丰乐河、杭埠河、岐阳河、兆河和南淝河水体溶解性有机质（dissolved organic matter,DOM）的来源及其空间变化.结果表明,南淝河DOM吸收特征参数SUVA₂₅₄显著低于其它河流,而光谱斜率比S_R显著高于杭埠河,表明城市污染物径流排入降低了南淝河水体DOM的芳香性,但对其分子量影响较低.南淝河DOM荧光指数（FI）和生物源指数（BIX）大于其它河流,而腐殖化指数（HIX）低于其它河流,指示其DOM自生源高于其它河流.使用EEM-PARAFAC从河流DOM中提取出4种类腐殖质组分（C1~C4）和2种内源类蛋白荧光组分（C5、C6）,其中,类腐殖质组分包括陆源有机质（C1、C3和C4）和微生物降解产物（C2）.沿河流方向,5条河流河水溶解性有机碳（dissolved organic carbon,DOC）、 a（355）和DOM荧光组分呈不同的空间变化特征,其中丰乐河、杭埠河、岐阳河和兆河DOM受农田土壤径流输入影响明显,而南淝河DOM主要受城市污染物径流和污水处理厂出水影响.     

絮凝剂对饮用水消毒副产物与血清白蛋白作用的影响

通过体系紫外吸收和荧光强度的变化,研究了饮用水消毒副产物三溴甲烷(CHBr3)、三氯甲烷(CHCl3)与牛血清蛋白(BSA)之间的相互作用.结果表明,CHBr3和CHCl3均对BSA的内源荧光具有静态猝灭作用,其中CHBr3与BSA的结合强于CHCl3.Fe3+,Al3+和聚丙烯酰胺的加入也使BSA的荧光强度降低,与BSA的结合的强弱依次为:聚丙烯酰胺Fe3+Al3+.在二元体系的基础上,进一步研究了Fe3+,Al3+和聚丙烯酰胺对BSA-CHBr3(CHCl3)结合作用的影响.结果表明,Fe3+,Al3+和聚丙烯酰胺的存在使BSA-CHCl3、BSA-CHBr3的结合常数呈现降低的趋势,降低的趋势为Al3+聚丙烯酰胺Fe3+.     

氯酚与乙酰胆碱酯酶相互作用的光谱研究

采用荧光光谱法和紫外-可见光谱法研究了2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP)及五氯酚(PCP)与乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的相互作用,获得了相互作用的Stern-Volmer猝灭常数、结合常数、热力学参数和作用距离.结果表明, 2,4,6-TCP及PCP均可以使AChE内源荧光有规律地猝灭,温度小于303K时,其猝灭机制为静态猝灭. 2,4,6-TCP及PCP与AChE的结合过程是受熵驱动的自发过程,作用力为典型的疏水作用力. 2,4,6-TCP及PCP与AChE分子中酪氨酸残基的作用距离分别为1.91,2.00nm, 2,4,6-TCP及PCP与AChE分子的结合常数为104~105L/mol,表明2种氯酚与AChE之间发生了非辐射能量转移,两者形成了稳定的复合物.2,4,6-TCP与AChE的结合作用比PCP与AChE的结合作用强,氯酚分子向AChE分子疏水空腔的结合过程是疏水性效应和空间位阻效应彼此竞争的结果.     

垃圾渗滤液的Fenton氧化预处理研究

采用Fenton氧化法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,考察了渗滤液初始pH值、H2O2和FeSO4.7H2O投加量、H2O2/Fe2＋投加的物质的量比及氧化反应时间等对Fenton氧化处理效果的影响,获得Fenton氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳工艺条件：初始pH=3.0,H2O2投加量为5.0 mL.L-1,FeSO4.7H2O投加量为3.48 g.L-1,H2O2/Fe2＋物质的量比为4-1,反应时间为1.5 h。最佳条件下处理后垃圾渗滤液COD为5 220 mg.L-1,COD去除率达57.8%。凝胶渗透色谱和三维荧光光谱分析结果表明,垃圾渗滤液中主要含有腐殖酸类大分子物质,经Fenton氧化后降解变成小分子化合物。     

基于差分吸收光谱法的烟气排放监测实验

差分吸收光谱法是利用气体污染物在UV-VIS波段对光有不同的吸收特性来测量其平均浓度。利用DOAS原理对不同浓度的SO2、NO2、NO气体进行排放监测实验研究,表明:DOAS可消除烟尘颗粒等影响,可应用于气体固定污染源的排放监测,但必须修正温度等因素对差分吸收特性的影响。