基于光谱技术的土壤多参数快速检测进展与展望

传统的土壤采样和实验室分析方法往往工作量大、前处理复杂、测定周期长、时效差、费用高,因此,迫切需要寻找快速、准确的土壤多参数检测方法,以实现多尺度土壤属性数据的快速获取与更新。系统梳理了便携式X射线荧光光谱(PXRF)、可见光-近红外反射光谱(Vis-NIR)、激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)和电弧发射光谱(AES)等光谱技术的原理、特点以及在土壤多参数快速检测中的应用及其研究进展。提出,未来在提高现有土壤多参数光谱检测精度和适用性的基础上,应结合ICP-MS等传统实验室方法,综合应用多种光谱技术以及化学计量学、现代信息技术和空间分析技术等,实现区域多种土壤属性的快速获取与实时监测,以满足我国当前土壤多参数、高精度快速检测及土壤质量精细化管理的需要。     

Tributyltin chloride results in dorsal curvature in embryo development of Sebastiscus marmoratus via apoptosis pathway

Tributyltin (TBT) is a ubiquitous marine environmental contaminant characterized primarily by its reproductive toxicity. However, the embryotoxicity of TBT has not been extensively described, especially in fishes. The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental toxicity of waterborne TBT at environmental levels (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng L⁻¹ as Sn) on Sebastiscus marmoratus embryos. Our study showed that TBT reduced the hatchability and caused apparent morphological abnormalities including dorsal curvature, severely twisted tails and pericardial edema. In addition, localized apoptosis was found in the tail regions of embryos after TBT exposure. The study provided a possible mechanistic link between apoptosis and TBT-induced twisted tails abnormality. TBT exposure induced retinoid X receptor α expression in S. marmoratus embryos at the 0.1 and 1 ng L⁻¹ group, which would be responsible for the increasing apoptotic cells induced by TBT. The results of the present study have widespread implications for environmental ecological assessment, management and the etiology of developmental defects.     

低强度紫外线催化降解活性艳红X-3B溶液研究

研究了低强度紫外线对活性艳红X 3B溶液的处理效果 ,考察了紫外线波长、溶液pH、起始浓度、催化剂用量、温度及曝气条件对染料降解的影响。结果表明 ,36 5nm紫外线 (UV3 65nm)的处理效果明显优于 2 5 4nm紫外线 (UV2 54nm) ,反应最适pH为 3 0～ 5 0 ,最佳TiO2 投加量为 2 0g/L ,最适温度为 4 0℃ ,通入空气或氧气均能加速活性艳红X 3B的降解。在上述条件下 ,起始浓度为 5 0mg/L的活性艳红X 3B在 1 5 0min内可完全分解     

基于改进YOLOX的变电站工人防护设备检测研究

为解决电气工人防护设备检测问题,通过改进YOLOX算法,提出检测工作人员防护设备的模型。首先在预测部分改进损失函数,为解决损失函数计算存在的缺陷,对IOU损失的计算方法进行改进,根据防护设备任务特性,通过调整各种类型损失函数的权重,增加对模型误判的惩罚,对模型进行优化;其次在算法主干网络中引入CBAM注意力模块提高神经网络对工人防护设备的感知能力;最后在算法Neck部分,将UpSample结构用于多尺度特征融合,加强网络的细节表达能力,从而提升对小目标困难样本的检测精度。研究结果表明：改进后的YOLOX模型平均精度均值达到87.24%,与已有YOLOX模型相比提升2.46%,具备有效性,适用于变电站工人防护设备检测。研究结果可为电气工人提供更高的防护装备检测精度。     

复合催化剂CuO-MnO_2-CeO_2/13X制备及其对萘的催化性能

采用浸渍法制备出复合过渡金属氧化物催化剂Cu O-Mn O2-Ce O2/13X,并用氮吸附、SEM、XRD、TGA对其结构、组成及热稳定性进行了表征,同时在固定催化床中研究了Cu O-Mn O2-Ce O2/13X催化剂对萘的催化性能。BET分析表明6%Cu O-Mn O2-2%Ce O2/13X催化剂的比表面积达到了476 m2/g,平均孔径达到2.314 nm,SEM和XRD结果表明一定负载率下Cu O、Mn O2、Ce O2在13X表面呈高度分散状态,有利于催化剂的催化活性提高。催化降解实验结果表明助催化剂Ce O2的适量添加可以明显提高催化剂的性能,当催化剂的负载率为6%Cu O-Mn O2-2%Ce O2时其对萘的催化率达到了65%。     

海南岛生态安全评价

从生态安全涵义理解出发,建立了包括资源依赖性、生态环境状态、生态系统服务功能三方面在内的区域生态安全评价体系,提出区域生态安全系数概念和计算方法,并以海南岛为例,评价了其陆地生态系统安全,得出海南陆地综合生态安全系数为0.610,其生态服务功能安全性较高(0.772),而资源依赖性安全系数最低(0.468)。从研究可知,海南岛生态安全整体情况比较好,尤其是在水土保持、自然灾害抵制、空气净化等方面,但其能源的自给能力、生物多样性维持以及生活垃圾和污水的处理等方面都存在很大的不安全隐患,应采取科学合理的措施加以改善,从而构建海南岛安全的生态系统,实现区域可持续发展。     

长江三角洲固定燃烧源排放SO_2,NO_x,CO和HC的分布

本文应用全国排污申报数据 ,按 1 /6°× 1 /6°网格精度估算了 1 995年长江三角洲地区固定燃烧源SO2 、NOx、CO和HC的排放分布。     

Variations in oxygen and some related pollution parameters in some streams in ITU Area of Nigeria

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Prenatal diagnosis of fragile x syndrome: (cgg)n expansion and methylation of chorionic villus samples

Fragile X syndrome is the most common form of inherited mental retardation, due to an expansion of the (CGG)_n trinucleotide repeat in the FMR-1 gene and hypermethylation of its 5′ upstream CpG island. Two major problems remain to be resolved for fragile X prenatal diagnosis: the abnormal methylation patterns of chorionic villus samples (CVS) and the inability to predict the mental status of females with the full mutation. We present here the results of ten prenatal diagnoses of fragile X syndrome using Southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and the analysis of 50 further CVS to test the methylation status of the CpG island of the FMR-1 gene. In the ten ‘at-risk’ CVS, eight normal (five males and three females) and two affected male fetuses were detected. Absence of methylation in the CVS was observed in two cases, which was not found upon subsequent examination of the newborn or of fetal tissues. In the 50 CVS not ‘at risk’ for fragile X syndrome, abnormal fragment patterns for probe StB12.3 were detected in 32 per cent for female and 24 per cent for male fetuses. This abnormal pattern could be due to absent or partial methylation of the CpG island of the FMR-1 gene in chorionic villus tissues.     

Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with an extra idic(X) (q27)

A fetus with an extra idic(X) (q27) was ascertained during prenatal diagnosis. The derived X and one normal X chromosome were late replicating. Due to lack of previous experience, genetic counselling presented obvious difficulties and the fetal phenotype could be only tentatively predicted.