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81.
本文重点介绍了安检技术的发展,当前较为普遍使用的爆炸物探测技术:X射线、金属探测和离子迁移谱探测技术。试用和探索的炸药探测技术:核四极矩谐振分析技术、中子活化分析技术、质谱、激光拉曼光谱、X射线相干散射技术,以及易燃、易爆液体危险品的探测,并介绍了当前新兴的人体携带威胁物探测技术:毫米波成像、太赫兹成像等,以及防爆安检技术的未来发展。 相似文献
82.
Zhiqiao He Qiaolan Cai Huiying Fang Gaohua Situ Jianping Qiu Shuang Song Jianmeng Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(12):2460-2468
A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80:20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. 相似文献
83.
土壤砷与土壤微生物相互作用是土壤砷形态转化中需要重点关注的内容之一.为了研究砷氧化菌对胡敏酸络合三价砷[HA-As(Ⅲ)]的作用,设置了不同p H值反应体系,研究砷氧化菌HN-2对HA-As(Ⅲ)作用下,砷的形态变化及其在固液两相中的分配.结果表明,在HA与As(Ⅲ)络合过程中,HA可以将一部分游离态As(Ⅲ)氧化为As(Ⅴ).其中,在p H=7的体系中,As(Ⅲ)被HN-2和HA氧化成As(Ⅴ)的效率最高.在含有砷氧化菌株和不含砷氧化菌株的体系中,0~10 h振荡过程中,HA-As材料均可以释放一部分As(Ⅲ)及As(Ⅴ)进入液相中,同时砷氧化菌可以快速地将As(Ⅲ)氧化为As(Ⅴ),而胡敏酸可以较缓慢地将As(Ⅲ)氧化为As(Ⅴ);反应10~24 h期间,HN-2砷氧化菌可以将络合态HA-As(Ⅲ)转化为游离态As(Ⅲ)并氧化为As(Ⅴ);48 h后反应逐渐达到平衡.固相同步辐射结果可以进一步证明HN-2砷氧化菌对络合态As(Ⅲ)的释放及氧化作用. 相似文献
84.
分别以生石灰和亚铁盐作为辅助剂与稳定剂对2种砷污染的土壤进行稳定化处理,通过化学浸出、形态及结构研究,揭示土壤中有效砷的稳定效率和机理.结果表明,外源铁添加量与土壤砷含量(Fe/As)的物质的量比达到6:1~8:1,CaO投加比例为0.05%~0.1%(w/w)时,土壤中有效态砷的稳定效率超过85%.土壤有效砷的稳定化处理主要是将砷从非专性吸附态和专性吸附态转化为弱结晶的铁铝或铁锰水化氧化物结合态、结晶铁铝或铁锰水化氧化物结合态.稳定处理后2种污染土均有新物相羟砷铜矿(As2Cu5H4O12)生成. 相似文献
85.
Monoclinic bismuth vanadate(BiVO4) thin film was fabricated on indium-tin oxide glass from an amorphous heteronuclear complex via dip-coating.After annealation at 400,500,and 600°C,the thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The BiVO4 particles on the ITO glass surface had a monoclinic structure.The UV-Visible diffuse reflection spectra showed the BiVO4 thin film had photoabsorption propertie... 相似文献
86.
通过电化学试验方法对X70钢在NaHCO3溶液中的腐蚀行为进行了研究.实验结果表明,当NaHCO3质量分数低于0.10%时,极化曲线呈现阳极活化溶解过程,高于0.10%时阳极极化出现钝化过程,并且在-0.6 V(vs.SCE)左右出现了一个新的小电流峰.通过对交流阻抗谱分析发现,高频区均是由略偏离半圆的容抗弧组成,并且实部有所收缩.HCO3-的还原反应在阴极过程中起主要作用,整个过程受极化控制.X70钢在NaHCO3溶液中的腐蚀速度随着NaHCO3质量分数的增大而增大,在试验结束后,对试样表面的腐蚀形貌进行了观察,并利用XRD分析出腐蚀产物主要为FeO(OH)和Fe3O4. 相似文献
87.
以煤矸石为原料,采用碱熔后水热合成法制备X型分子筛并进行XRD、SEM、BET和Zeta电位分析。研究其对水中Co2+、Cu2+、Cd2+和Cr3+4种离子的吸附性能,包括吸附等温线、吸附动力学以及初始金属离子浓度、pH值对吸附性能的影响。所合成的矸石基X型分子筛的BET比表面积为676.02 m2/g,微孔孔容为0.263 cm3/g。吸附实验表明,矸石基X型分子筛能有效去除上述4种离子,同时实现煤矸石的资源化和金属离子的去除。4种离子的平衡吸附量均随初始浓度的增大而增大,相同条件下平衡吸附量的大小顺序为Cd2+>Cr3+>Cu2+>Co2+。准二级动力学模型能很好地描述4种离子的吸附动力行为。Langmuir模型对Co2+、Cu2+和Cd2+吸附的拟合较Freundlich模型高,说明其主要表现为物理吸附过程。4种离子的吸附速率均由液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同控制。 相似文献
88.
Jingyu Su Guanping Jin Changyong Li Xiaohui Zhu Yan Dou Yong Li Xin Wang Kunwei Wang Qianqian Gu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(11):2355-2361
Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel (EN) plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon (MFT/AG). PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite (Ni/AC) in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol. 相似文献
89.
90.
Yusheng Wang Zhiguo Pei Xiaoquan Shan Guangcai Chen Jing Zhang Yaning Xie Lirong Zheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(1):112-118
The mutual e ects of metal cations (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+) and p-nitrophenol (NP) on their adsorption desorption behavior
onto wheat ash were studied. Results suggested that Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ diminished the adsorption and increased the desorption of
NP remarkably, while Cd2+ had no such e ect. In contrast, NP diminished the adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ onto ash, however,
this suppression e ect depended on the initial concentrations of metal cations. NP had no e ect on Cd2+ adsorption on ash. Fourier
transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) studies suggested the following mechanisms responsible for the
metal suppression e ect on NP adsorption: (1) large hydrated Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ shells occupied the surface of ash and prevent
nonspecific adsorption of NP onto ash surface; (2) Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ may block the micropores of ash, resulting in decreased
adsorption of NP; (3) complexation of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ was likely via carboxyl, hydroxylic and phenolic groups of wheat ash and
these same groups may also react with NP during adsorption. As a “soft acid”, Cd2+ is less e cient in the complexation of oxygencontaining
acid groups than Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+. Thus, Cd2+ had no e ect on the adsorption of NP on wheat ash. 相似文献