GB/T 28001-2011新版标准核心要素的理解

GB/T 28000《职业健康安全管理体系》系列标准于2012年开始正式实施,新版标准中对术语、定义和核心要素内容进行了大量的修订,正确地理解和贯彻标准核心要素是应用标准进行企业职业健康安全管理的根本所在,对预防和降低风险,确保职业健康安全管理体系的有效运行有着十分重要的意义.为使组织满足新版标准要求,本文对GB/T 28001-2011《职业健康安全管理体系要求》中核心要素——4.3.1危险源辨识、风险评价和控制措施的确定在内容上进行对比分析,并结合作者在实际工作中的案例和相关的法律法规和其他要求进行阐述,在此基础上对4.3.1要素进行理解,可以使组织对新标准的掌握和应用达到事半功倍的效果.     

Single-solute and bi-solute sorption of phenanthrene and pyrene onto pine needle cuticular fractions

To better understand interaction mechanisms of pine needles with persistent organic pollutants, single-solute and bi-solute sorption of phenanthrene and pyrene onto isolated cuticular fractions of pine needle were investigated. The structures of cuticular fractions were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid-state ¹³C NMR. Polymeric lipids (cutin and cutan) exhibited notably higher sorption capabilities than the soluble lipids (waxes), while cellulose showed little affinity with sorbates. With the coexistence of the amorphous cellulose, the sorption of cutan (aromatic core) was completely inhibited, so the cutin components (nonpolar aliphatic moieties) dominated the sorption of bulk needle cuticle. By the consumption of the amorphous cellulose under acid hydrolysis, sorption capacities of the de-sugared fractions were dramatically enhanced, which controlled by the exposed aromatic cores and the aliphatic moieties. Furthermore, the de-sugared fractions demonstrated nonlinear and competitive sorption due to the specific interaction between aromatic cores and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.     

水务企业多元化模式探讨

以在沪深两市上市的22家以涉水业务为主营业务的企业为研究样本,从战略相关多元化与非相关多元化的角度,利用优化的Jacquemin-Berry熵测度模型,定量展现了一幅水务企业多元化发展的图景。并基于核心资源与能力理论,总结了水务企业不同的多元化发展模式。研究发现,在样本企业中,存在三种主要模式:以资本运营为核心的综合多元化扩张、以技术研发为核心的战略相关多元化扩张和以非水务资源为核心的非相关多元化扩张。其中,实行综合多元化扩张的水务企业更倾向于成长为我国本土大型、综合、流域型水务集团。     

高效反硝化菌和包埋填料性能及微生物群落分析

为考察高效反硝化细菌及其包埋填料对低温、低底物浓度的适应性和恢复性,实验采用2个条件(适宜、不利)、3个阶段(D_1、D_2、D_3),探究二者的反硝化能力,即:将初始适宜条件下培养的高效反硝化细菌[300 mg·(L·h)~(-1)]置于不利条件下运行(D_1),反硝化性能稳定后将其包埋,仍置于不利条件下运行(D_2),90 d后恢复到适宜条件(D_3).结果表明分别经过17d和16 d的运行,反硝化细菌和包埋填料在D_1、D_2阶段的速率最终稳定在5.4 mg·(L·h)~(-1)、4.8 mg·(L·h)~(-1),说明细菌及其包埋填料能够适应低温、低底物的不利条件;在D_3阶段发现,经过12 d运行填料的反硝化速率就可达到300mg·(L·h)~(-1),表明其具有快速的自我恢复能力.利用扫描电镜分析包埋填料的内外结构,发现其内外结构均利于细菌生长代谢和传质.高通量测序分析结果表明,D_2阶段的优势菌属仍为具有反硝化功能的Pseudomonas、Thauera、Gelidibacter,因而证明了细菌在不利条件的适应性;D_3阶段包埋填料的优势菌属Thauera、Petrimonas、Pseudomonas,与初始适宜条件下培养的高效反硝化细菌的优势菌属完全相同,这也充分证明了细菌包埋填料具有良好的恢复能力.     

Vertical diversity of sediment bacterial communities in two different trophic states of the eutrophic Lake Taihu, China

Vertical diversity of sediment bacterial communities in 2 different trophic states (macrophyte-dominated and algae-dominated) of the large shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu, China, were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Clustering analysis of DGGE profiles showed that different clusters were recognized in different depths of sediment cores in the 2 lake trophic states. Analyses of the bacterial diversity, as estimated by the Shannon index (H'), showed that different sediment layers of the macrophyte-dominated state had higher diversity than the algae-dominated state. In addition, bacterial diversity of the sediment in the macrophyte-dominated state changed abruptly throughout the layers, but bacterial diversity of the algae-dominated state decreased gradually with sediment depth. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the middle sediment of the 2 lake trophic states. In the macrophyte-dominated state, clone sequences related to Betaproteobacteria (50.0%) were the most abundant, followed by Epsilonproteobacteria (21.1%), Acidobacteria (7.9%), Deltaproteobacteria (7.9%), Chloroflexi (7.9%), and Bacteroidetes (5.3%); whereas in the algae-dominated state, sequences affiliated with Betaproteobacteria (84.4%) were predominant, followed by Deltaproteobacteria (12.5%) and Acidobacteria (3.1%). Canonical correspondence analysis showed that organic matter and pH play key roles in driving the vertical changes of bacterial community composition.     

粒级-标准偏差法和主成分因子分析法在粒度敏感因子提取中的对比

沉积物全样粒度参数已很难对受不同物源和不同沉积动力影响的古环境进行深入研究,不同来源的多组分分离提取敏感粒级方法较多,不同的方法提取的粒级兼容性及其所反映的环境意义差别值得探讨。本文利用烟台四十里湾3个柱状沉积物粒度分析数据为基础,对比分析粒级-标准偏差法和主成分因子分析法提取的环境敏感因子及其反映的古环境意义。结果表明,两种方法提取的环境敏感因子粒级一一对应,两种方法所提取的敏感粒级含量在沉积物中存在相同的变化趋势,这说明了两种方法均能敏感地反映沉积物相同的沉积动力特征,但粒级-标准偏差法所提取的粒级易受端元组分影响,粒级-标准偏差法所提取的敏感因子主要反演主控因子环境信息。     

钛管的一次压扁成形工艺

此文研究了钛管装入聚胺脂芯棒后一次压扁成形的工艺特点,分析了以往空心管成形所存在的问题。在实验的基础上完成了不同规格钛合金管材的一次压扁成形。     

Safety and kinetic parameters analysis for 1,1,-Di(tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane mixed with monoammonium phosphate

Runaway reactions by organic peroxides have occurred throughout the world. In this study, we used 1,1,-Di(tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane (CH) 70 mass% as the main material, which was extensively employed as initiator for styrene in polymerization. Fire extinguishers are the first fire-fighting apparatus when fires occur. If a fire extinguisher has sat idle for a long time, which would cause the extinguishing agent to damp, it cannot achieve the desired effect and be properly handled at the start of the accident, thereby causing more casualties and property losses. CH 70 mass% was employed to mixed with monoammonium phosphate (MAP) for understanding the phenomenon by applying differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Safety parameters also were carried out for more deeply understanding the basic characteristics for preventing an accident from occurring, in terms of applying CH 70 mass% as the initiator in the manufacturing process.     

高职环保类专业职业技能培养课程体系开发

课程体系是高职专业办出特色、持续发展的载体。针对高职环保类专业人才培养存在课程体系不合理、实践教学薄弱、职业技能培养方法陈旧等问题，以职业岗位需求为基础，以职业技能培养为主线，构建了以实际污染治理项目为载体的高职环保类专业职业课程体系和职业核心课程。通过职业核心课程建设、双师型师资队伍建设、校内外实训基地建设等措施实现职业技能的培养。     

Optimal methods to determine the physical parameters for activated carbon adsorption

The objectives of this research were to examine the physical characteristics of activated carbons made of different materials, thereby suggest a preferable approach to obtaining the optimal estimation of the parameters for the activated carbons by the statistical techniques. After the appropriate pretreatments, the apparent and true densities of activated carbon, adsorption isotherms of argon, nitrogen and mercury, and the adsorptive capacity of benzene were determined by using the recommended approaches. The results showed that the shapes of hysteresis loop indicated that the pores were probably slit‐shaped or formed by plate‐like particles, which could be confirmed by the SEM examination. It was noted that the apparent density used for pore volume calculation presented a higher possibility of underestimation. Through the use of the statistical techniques, such as factor analysis (FA) and correspondence analysis (CA), the principal physical parameters on adsorption phenomena could be characterized. Finally, the optimal methods for obtaining the surface area and pore volume of activated carbons were suggested.