复杂形态井巷工程三维激光扫描与MIDAS-FLAC3D耦合建模稳定性分析研究

受井巷工程空间形态的复杂性及探测技术的局限性影响,部分人员无法进入的复杂形态井巷工程的实际空间形态往往很难准确获得,复杂井巷工程的数值分析往往很难进行建模或建立模型与实际误差较大,而在此基础上进行的稳定性分析结果可靠性往往较差。采用三维激光扫描技术对复杂形态井巷工程进行三维激光点云扫描,基于点云数据运用MIDAS软件建立精确形态的复杂井巷工程模型,通过耦合技术建立最终可以在FLAC3D中进行运算并且与实际形态相一致的数值模型。最后以某矿山主溜井为工程实例,利用三维激光精确扫描技术获取该井巷工程的实际空间形态,在此基础上进行MIDAS与FLAC3D耦合方法的建模分析,对该复杂井巷工程的稳定状况进行了稳定性分析。     

安全法律法规核心作用原理及其方法论研究

为完善安全法学学科体系,提出安全法律法规核心作用原理的定义及其研究对象。提炼出安全法律法规核心作用原理下属4条原理:安全法治原理、安全规范原理、安全标准化原理、安全发展原理,并具体阐释这些原理的定义及内涵。基于霍尔方法论三维体系结构,同时运用安全工程等学科理论知识,构建安全法律法规方法论的四维体系结构。研究结果表明:学界可以从核心作用原理及其理论模型的角度对安全法律法规进行研究,同时也可以借助霍尔方法论对安全法律法规的方法论进行探讨。     

Inspired to perform: A multilevel investigation of antecedents and consequences of thriving at work

Emerging research evidence across multiple industries suggests that thriving at work is critically important for creating sustainable organizational performance. However, we possess little understanding of how factors across different organizational levels stimulate thriving at work. To address this gap, the current study proposes a multilevel model that simultaneously examines contextual and individual factors that facilitate thriving at work and how thriving relates to positive health and overall unit performance. Analysis of data collected from 275 employees, at multiple time periods, and their immediate supervisors, representing 94 work units, revealed that servant leadership and core self‐evaluations are 2 important contextual and individual factors that significantly relate to thriving at work. The results further indicated that thriving positively relates to positive health at the individual level, with this relationship partially mediated by affective commitment. Our results also showed that collective thriving at work positively relates to collective affective commitment, which in turn, positively relates to overall unit performance. Taken together, these findings suggest that work context and individual characteristics play significant roles in facilitating thriving at work and that thriving is an important means by which managers and their organizations can improve employees' positive health and unit performance.     

聚硅酸金属盐复合絮凝剂的形貌研究

用扫描电镜(SEM)对聚硅酸金属盐复合絮凝剂进行了形貌观察,并用能谱仪(EDS)测定其组成,发现硼、铝和铁元素的加入能改变聚硅酸的形貌,提高其稳定性,并且增大了聚合物的聚合度;聚硅酸金属盐复合絮凝剂是其中各种元素之间相互作用所形成的结构、形貌均一的聚合物,而不是各自均聚物的混合物;硼、铝、硅和铁四种元素靠吸附、键合、配位等作用复合。     

Tidal salt marsh sediment in California, USA: part 3. Current and historic toxicity potential of contaminants and their bioaccumulation

To assess potential health risks to benthic organisms from exposure to toxic contaminants, sediment chemistry data from five salt marshes along the coast of California were compared with threshold effects levels (TELs) and probable effects levels (PELs). As an integrated estimate of toxicity potential of multiple contaminants, mean PEL quotients (mPELQs) were used to categorize sampling stations into three groups: high (>0.5), medium (0.1–0.5) and low (<0.1). In all sediments from Stege Marsh located in San Francisco Bay, at least one contaminant exceeded PELs by up to 18-fold and mPELQs were higher than 0.7. Mean PELQs in two core sediments from eastern Stege Marsh ranged from 0.7 to 2.1, indicating that benthic organisms in Stege Marsh may have been adversely affected for several decades. To investigate bioavailability and bioaccumulation of contaminants in sediments, longjaw mudsuckers (Gillichthys mirabilis) were transplanted to six Stege Marsh stations for 60 days. Body burdens of organic contaminants clearly showed that they were readily available for benthic organisms. Measured concentrations of organic contaminants in mudsuckers were similar to estimated levels computed using a theoretical bioaccumulation potential model. Levels of PCBs and arsenic in mudsuckers were higher than screening values set as guidelines for the protection of humans and levels of PCBs and DDTs were higher than criteria for wildlife. The results of this study indicate that the levels of contaminants in Stege Marsh sediments may not fully support the well-being of benthic organisms and also may provoke adverse effects on fish-eating animals and humans through trophic transfer.     

水溶性暂堵剂HD的研制与评价

针对油田油水井暂堵防漏作业的需要,进行了暂堵剂HD的水溶性、分散性、粒径选择的室内实验,对不同渗透率岩心的暂堵效果及岩心动态模拟进行了评价。结果表明,该暂堵剂对0.45～3.04μm2的岩心的暂堵率大于98%,渗透率恢复值大于85%;温度升高时暂堵剂HD的暂堵率下降,温度升高至120℃时,暂堵率仍达到85%。     

钛修饰电极的制备及电化学性能比较

通过电沉积法在钛网(Ti)上负载钯、钯镍双金属及聚吡咯(PPy)双金属,对比研究不同修饰对电极电化学催化活性的影响。循环伏安测试(CV)表明,在最佳制备条件下,Pd/Ti电极在-500 mV(以Hg/Hg₂SO₄为参比电极)左右获得氢吸附峰值为-59.47 mA;引入Ni制备双金属修饰电极(PdNi/Ti电极)获得氢吸附峰值为-64.40 mA,双金属修饰电极表现出较好的电催化性能;吡咯修饰后制得的Pd-Ni/PPy/Ti电极获得的氢吸附峰值最大,峰值为-80.14 mA,电催化性能更优。扫描电镜(SEM)分析了Ni和PPy的引入对电极表面形态的改变。利用原子发射光谱(AES)分析了电极表面Pd、Ni金属的负载量。实验表明,Ni与PPy的引入使Pd-Ni/PPy/Ti电极在大大减少钯负载量的情况下,仍具有很好的电催化性能,电化学脱氯潜能也很大。     

扎龙湿地南山湖沉积岩芯重金属污染特征及来源判别

选取扎龙湿地南部围湖造田、湖水养殖典型湖泊——南山湖为研究区,分析NSH2沉积岩芯中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Mn、Ag、Cu、Co、Fe和Zn这11种重金属元素总量的垂向分布特征,结合颗粒组成指标,采用主成分分析的方法,并辅以210Pbex测年数据,研究了自1829年以来该湖区沉积物重金属元素污染特征、来源及污染历史.结果表明：①近两百年以来沉积物沉积速率经历了由慢到快再到慢的过程,沉积历史与南山湖流域人类的生产活动和水土保持政策相吻合;②1957年以前各元素含量变化趋势平稳,1957～1985年间存在小幅波动,1985年以后变化明显,其中Hg、Cd和Ag含量明显偏高;③NSH2沉积岩芯重金属污染来源以生活污水、化肥农药的流失以及煤与汽油等燃料的燃烧为主,其次是有机质降解、岩石风化和侵蚀,还存在工业排污源,贡献率分别为50.14%、19.90%和10.32%.南山湖重金属污染具有一定的潜在风险,在当地湖泊湿地污染治理中应予以足够的重视,此研究可为扎龙湿地湖区生态环境的整治与改善提供基础性的数据资料.     

一种可实现不同水深条件下采样的湖泊沉积物柱芯采样装置

沉积物柱芯采样器是一种广泛应用于生态环境研究的科研装备.在前人研究的基础上,我们研制了一套携带方便、操作简单、适用范围广、取样效果好的湖泊沉积物茬芯采样装置.通过组件的不同组合,该采样装置可实现不同水深条件下的沉积物柱芯采样,采集的沉积物厚度可达80～150 cm.该采样装置具有体积小、重量轻、结构简单、性能可靠的特点...     

多氯联苯降解菌Pseudomonas sp. DN2的分离鉴定及其降解特性研究

从长期受PCBs污染的土壤中经富集培养筛选分离到1株能以联苯为唯一碳源和能源生长的革兰氏阴性细菌DN2.经形态观察、16S rDNA序列分析和系统发育分析初步鉴定为Pseudomonas sp..对其联苯双加氧酶的bphA1基因核心区和2,3-二羟基联苯-1,2-双加氧酶活力进行了分析测定,结果表明该菌具有降解联苯/PCBs的相关基因存在.利用GC-MS测试该菌的静息细胞降解PCBs的能力表明,该菌株可以在3 d内显著而高效地降解Aroclor 1242总量的67%,其对Aroclor 1242中各单体同系物的降解率在30%～90%之间.这对PCBs污染场地的原位生物修复具有实际应用意义.