泉州湾沉积物柱状样中有机氯农药的垂直分布特征

用GC-ECD内标法测定了泉州湾沉积物柱样中有机氯农药的含量.通过研究有机氯农药在沉积物柱样中的垂直分布特征,探讨了有机氯农药在泉州湾的污染历史.该柱样中HCHs和DDTs的含量分别为(0.00～5.61)×10-9、(1.18～50.65)×10-9.研究表明该区沉积物未受到HCHs的明显污染,但已受到DDTs的轻微污染.有机氯农药的垂直变化基本反映了它在我国及福建的生产使用历史.在近年泉州湾仍有新的DDT输入.     

Inspired to perform: A multilevel investigation of antecedents and consequences of thriving at work

Emerging research evidence across multiple industries suggests that thriving at work is critically important for creating sustainable organizational performance. However, we possess little understanding of how factors across different organizational levels stimulate thriving at work. To address this gap, the current study proposes a multilevel model that simultaneously examines contextual and individual factors that facilitate thriving at work and how thriving relates to positive health and overall unit performance. Analysis of data collected from 275 employees, at multiple time periods, and their immediate supervisors, representing 94 work units, revealed that servant leadership and core self‐evaluations are 2 important contextual and individual factors that significantly relate to thriving at work. The results further indicated that thriving positively relates to positive health at the individual level, with this relationship partially mediated by affective commitment. Our results also showed that collective thriving at work positively relates to collective affective commitment, which in turn, positively relates to overall unit performance. Taken together, these findings suggest that work context and individual characteristics play significant roles in facilitating thriving at work and that thriving is an important means by which managers and their organizations can improve employees' positive health and unit performance.     

安全法律法规核心作用原理及其方法论研究

为完善安全法学学科体系,提出安全法律法规核心作用原理的定义及其研究对象。提炼出安全法律法规核心作用原理下属4条原理:安全法治原理、安全规范原理、安全标准化原理、安全发展原理,并具体阐释这些原理的定义及内涵。基于霍尔方法论三维体系结构,同时运用安全工程等学科理论知识,构建安全法律法规方法论的四维体系结构。研究结果表明:学界可以从核心作用原理及其理论模型的角度对安全法律法规进行研究,同时也可以借助霍尔方法论对安全法律法规的方法论进行探讨。     

水稻中硅元素的分布及存在状态

利用UV-Vis分光光度计、X线分析显微镜及扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)对水稻不同器官中硅元素的含量、分布及存在状态进行观察和分析,研究水稻中硅酸的化学性质,为水稻硅元素的综合利用提供科学依据.结果表明:水稻以可溶性原硅酸的形式吸收土壤中的硅酸,同样以可溶性原硅酸的形式输送到各器官中.不同的生长期,水稻导管液内的可溶性原硅酸的含量不同,成熟期最高可达到912 mg/L(以SiO2表示).通过比较导管汁液和土壤溶液的硅酸浓度可知,水稻选择性地吸收和浓缩硅酸,最高浓缩率可达85倍.X线分析显微镜观察发现,硅酸普遍存在于水稻各器官中,越是坚硬的部位硅酸分布得越多.SEM图像表明,沉积在水稻各器官中的硅胶体具有一定的形状且不溶于强酸.对水稻干燥组分中硅酸含量的分析结果表明,稻壳中硅酸含量最高,达到13.3%,是生产硅单质及碳化硅材料的最有效的资源之一.     

A 50-year sedimentary record of heavy metals and their chemical speciations in the Shuangtaizi River estuary (China): implications for pollution and biodegradation

Two parallel sediment cores collected from tidal flat located in the Shuangtaizi River estuary were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations and chemical speciations. Based on the ¹³⁷Cs activity profile, mean sedimentation rate at the sampling site during the past 50 years was estimated to be 1.3 cm·a^-1. Correlation analyses show that almost all the metals are associated with each other, suggesting that these metals might be derived from same sources and/or affected by same geochemical processes. Influence of total organic carbon (TOC) content on the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu and Cd is evident. Silt and clay contents, instead of sand content, play an important role in the distribution of these metals. The dominant binding phases for most of the metals (except for Cd) are the residual. The relative decrease of the residual fraction of Cd and Pb in the upper 66 cm of the core is striking. The distribution of chemical fraction confirms that the residual fractions of these metals have a natural origin, while only the non-residual fractions of Cd and Pb increased upward the core due to pollution in the past five decades. Pollution assessment on these heavy metals based on Index of Geoaccumulation (I_geo) also demonstrates that most of the metals are unpolluted. The weak pollution as observed in the sediments is perhaps related to a local plant, the Suaeda heteroptera Kitag, which may have played a significant role in the biodegradation of these metals and the metal distribution in the estuary.     

湖泊沉积柱中的高溴联苯醚及其在环境中的降解

采用GC/MS方法分析了5个内陆湖泊(巢湖、滇池、红枫湖、青海湖和四海龙湾)钻孔沉积物中HB-PBDEs(高溴联苯醚,包括九溴和十溴的联苯醚)的垂直分布状况,并对它们的组成特征及其在环境中的降解进行了分析.结果显示,5个内陆湖泊表层沉积物中有机碳归一化后的w(ΣHB-PBDEs)为17.5～977.9 ng/g,其中滇池、红枫湖和巢湖HB-PBDEs的污染相对较为严重;与国内外其他研究相比,我国内陆湖泊沉积物中BDE-209的污染状况相对较轻.沉积物中HB-PBDEs的组成特征显示,BDE-209不但在大气传输过程中发生了明显降解,而且在进入湖泊沉积物后也发生了明显降解.由于BDE-209在不同环境介质中都可发生降解,并且降解产物为毒性更大的低溴代单体,因此进一步研究BDE-209在环境中的降解具有重要意义.      

臭氧氧化四种偶氮染料废水的效果研究

以酸性大红、中性枣红、阳离子红、活性黑5四种模拟印染废水开展O3氧化偶氮染料的效果研究.实验中发现O3对染料具有非常好的脱色效果,30 min后除中性枣红外其他三种染料脱色率接近100％,但是单独O3的TOC去除率不高.光谱扫描表明,处理后染料的特征吸收峰很快消失,而紫外光区的吸收峰变化很小,推测O3氧化以直接氧化为主,打开了染料分子的发色基团,但并未将染料分子彻底氧化.还应加强O3氧化能力、彻底矿化去除污染物的研究.     

给水管网中管内壁腐蚀管垢特征分析

使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X荧光光谱分析(XRF)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)以及X光电子能谱(XPS)对给水管网中铸铁管和镀锌钢管上的管内壁腐蚀管垢进行微观形态、化学组成、晶体结构和化合物构成等物理化学特征分析.发现管垢外部平滑而致密,内部为多孔结构.铁是管垢最重要的化学组成,管垢基本上是含铁的化合物.外层管垢可能的化学组成是α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH、α-Fe₂O₃、γFe₂O₃、FeCl₃等三价铁化合物,而内层管垢则为Fe₃O₄、FeCl₂、FeCO₃等二价铁及二价铁与三价铁共同存在的化合物.管垢的特征取决于管网水力条件、水质条件和管材本身特性.     

中国四城市空气中粗细颗粒物元素组成特征

采集280多个来自中国4城市粗细颗粒物样品,用X一荧光光谱法分析了其中的42种元素报道了空气颗粒物中元素的组成特征,并对元素进行聚类分析,结果表明,主要可分成地壳元素及燃煤或燃油污染元素两大类污染点颗粒物中污染元素的浓度比对照点的要高,而且,这些污染元素在细颗粒物中的富集因子比在粗颗粒物中的富集因子要高出许多倍但城市内污染元素的富集团子在污染点与对照点之间的差别不如同一种元素在两城市间的差别明显     

Adsorption characterizations of fulvic acid fractions onto kaolinite

Fulvic acids extracted from a typical rice-production region near Taihu Lake of China were fractionated into three fractions including F4. 8, F7. 0 and F11. 0(eluted by pH4. 8 buffer, pH 7. 0bufferandpH 11. 0buffer, respectively). Sorption of fulvic acid(FA)fractions onto kaolinite was studied by batch adsorption experiments, and characterizations of kaolinite before and after adsorption were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Adsorption isotherms of kaolinite for three FA fractions fit well with the Langmuir adsorption model. The adsorption density of the three fractions was positively correlated with the ratio of the amount of the alkyl carbon to that of carboxyl and carbonyl carbon in FA fractions and followed an order of F11. 0>F7. 0>F4.8.Hydrophobic interaction Was one of the control mechanisms for the sorption of FA fraction onto kaolinite. SEM images confirmed that compared to blank kaolinite samples, kaolinite samples coated by a FA fraction displayed an opener and more dispersed conformation resulting from the disruption of the floe structure in complex. Dispersion of kaolinite after adsorption was due to the repulsion between negatively charged FA. coated particles, which is closely related to the amount of FA fractions absorbed on kaolinite.