湿地资源开发利用及生态功能恢复

采用生态环境现状调查方法，查清了辽河三角洲资源种类、数量、分布、物种多样性组成、生境条件。分析了生态系统整体性特点、结构、环境服务功能、湿地资源动态变化对生态环境影响。为保护生态功能，提出了有效的恢复性措施。     

“西-宝”高速公路不良气象条件分析及对策

依据近40年的气象资料,对西宝高速公路沿线大雾、降雨、降雪、雷暴、低温、高温、沙尘等灾害性天气进行了分析,得出了沿线各种灾害性天气特征,并对其原因进行了简单分析。分析了这些灾害性天气对高速交通的影响程度,指出西宝高速公路气象服务的关键期,提出了避免不良天气造成交通事故发生的具体措施。     

西安城区路面细颗粒灰尘重金属污染水平及来源分析

为揭示高强度人类活动对城市环境质量的影响,在西安市采集文教区、居民区、公园景区和交通区这4个主要功能区道路灰尘样品,利用X-Ray荧光光谱仪测定粒径63μm的道路细颗粒灰尘中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Co、V、Mn和Ni的含量,采用地积累指数法和污染载荷指数法评价细颗粒灰尘中重金属的污染水平,运用主成分分析、聚类分析等多元统计学方法识别重金属的可能来源,利用主成分分析-多元线性回归受体模型解析不同来源对道路细颗粒灰尘中重金属的贡献.结果表明,西安市道路细颗粒灰尘中Cu、Pb、Zn和Cr的含量高于陕西土壤背景值,而V、Mn、Ni和Co的含量接近或低于它们的土壤背景值.道路细颗粒灰尘中Co、Mn、Ni、V呈现未污染,Cr、Cu和Zn呈现轻度污染,而Pb为偏中度污染.综合污染评价结果显示,西安市道路细颗粒灰尘中重金属呈现轻度污染.多元统计分析结果表明,Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn显著正相关,属于同一主成分,且在聚类分析中为同一类;V、Mn、Ni和Co为同一类、同一主成分,且显著正相关.结合样品中各重金属元素的含量特征,推断出西安市道路细颗粒灰尘中的重金属主要有两种来源:Cu、Pb、Zn和Cr主要来源于交通源,而V、Co、Mn和Ni主要为自然源.交通源和自然源对西安市道路细颗粒灰尘中重金属的贡献分别为56.7%和43.3%.     

低山丘陵区土地整理与可持续发展研究——以广安区为例

为探讨低山丘陵区土地整理的模式,利用MAPGIS软件综合处理研究区大量与土地利用相关的基础数据,针对低山丘陵区土地资源利用的现状及特点,从多方面说明土地整理的迫切性.依据经济、社会、生态相统一的目标,划定3个土地开发整理区,确定开发整理的方向及重点.研究得出土地整理是改善用地结构、协调人地矛盾的有效途径.结论:土地整理应首先以保护耕地数量和质量为核心,集约利用土地,促进耕地总量动态平衡;加强土地管理,提高土地的利用率和综合效益.     

Evaluation of beach quality as perceived by users

Recreational beaches are strategic ecosystems for tourism and should be used in a sustainable manner. We studied three beaches in the municipality of Guaymas (NW Mexico), in order to assess their beach quality and identify key management issues. The evaluation was based on the perceptions of users concerning: (1) the user profile; (2) the recreational habits of users; and (3) the biophysical characteristics, infrastructure, services, and cleanliness of each beach. The results showed that the beaches were of different quality. The key management issues identified were the need to design and apply specific management programs for each beach, specifically in regards to improving infrastructure and services, and obtaining certification as a sustainable beach. The evaluation of the beaches as perceived by users suggests that it would be useful to assess beach quality in order to support management goals and be applicable to other beaches, both nationally and internationally.     

雾霾时车辆尾气排放对驾驶员能见度的影响

针对北京道路车辆尾气排放对雾霾时驾驶员道路能见度的影响问题,建立了雾霾时车辆尾气排放与驾驶员道路能见度关系模型。该模型以车辆为单元建立车辆尾气排放元胞,考虑了车辆尾气排放后的污染物物理和化学变化,并以车道中的尾气排放位置截面及截面单元、交叉口处的尾气排放位置区间为模型单元。为验证该模型,于2016年10月-2017年2月和2017年10月-2018年2月,在北京地区部分路网检测了驾驶员道路能见度等数据,并统计了各时段驾驶员道路能见度的分布情况。对建立的关系模型进行仿真,结果表明,该关系模型的仿真结果与实际检测数据的误差占比平均值小于4. 98%,验证了该关系模型用于描述北京市道路车辆尾气排放对雾霾时驾驶员道路能见度影响的有效性。     

Synthesis,separation and structure determination of 2,3,3'‐trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 20)† and 3,3’,4‐trichlorobiphenyl (PCB35)†

The combined synthesis and spectrometric characterization of 2,3,3'‐trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 20) and 3,3’,4‐trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 35) is described for the first time. By a combination of highly efficient column distillation and repeated recrystallizations it was possible to isolate the two products as reference materials with a purity exceeding 99%. X‐ray analysis of crystals of 2,3,3'‐trichlorobiphenyl positively identified the substitution pattern of the biphenyl moiety by chlorine atoms. The two phenyl rings are at an angle of 52°, while the relative disposition of the chlorine atoms on both rings is closer to anti than to syn.     

Residents’ Attitudes Towards Tourism in a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Pilot Site: a Case Study in China

Abstract

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) is a wide program to promote the conservation and adaptive management of such systems and their associated landscapes, biodiversity, knowledge systems and cultures. Rice-Fish Systems (RFS) in Longxian village of China, as a traditional agricultural system, was selected as one of the five pilot sites of GIAHS in 2005. Researchers have paid more attention to the dynamic conservation and adaptive management of RFS because it is under severe threats from global development challenges. Tourism is suggested to be brought into the RFS conservation program as an alternative industry. This paper presents a comparative study of residents in three types of farm household in Longxian, seeking attitudes to the RFS conservation and tourism development and ways in which such information may guide future strategies. Results show residents, belonging to the household type in which most family members are abroad, have the most positive attitudes to RFS conservation and tourism development; while residents, as other household type in which less than 50% of family members are abroad, are the least sensitive group in these three household types, due to the motivation of moving abroad weakening their enthusiasm to participate in the local activities. Implications are discussed in the context of how resident attitudes will affect the future management of GIAHS conservation and tourism development, and then measures are put forward to foster tourism cooperation and multistakeholders process establishment.