敏感区域目标污染物空间溯源分析

基于SPARROW模型,利用新安江流域2009~2010年60个监测站点的TN浓度数据,以及相关污染源及空间属性数据对流域水质进行模拟分析,结果表明,流域内69%的河段TN模拟浓度可以达到III类及以上水质标准.对跨省界评估断面——街口断面进行TN污染源溯源分析,发现上游各子流域的工业源污染对断面污染总量的贡献比例为7.41%,农业源污染贡献比例为57.52%,生活源污染贡献比例为35.07%,且分别具有不同的空间分布特征,可以考虑使用该方法为以跨界断面污染物浓度控制为目标的相关削减措施的提出提供技术支持.     

西安市城墙内公园土壤重金属含量水平及污染评价

以西安市城墙以内3个公园的表层土壤为研究对象,分析测定了其基本理化性质和其中代表性重金属Cu、Ni及Zn的总量与不同形态的含量,并分别采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗污染指数法对各公园土壤重金属污染进行了评价.结果显示:西安市城墙以内3个公园的表层土壤均呈碱性并含有较多有机质;3个公园表层土壤中Cu、Ni及Zn的平均含量分别...     

临安近地面臭氧变化特征分析

利用2003年11月─2004年11月浙江临安区域大气本底站近地面臭氧浓度的连续监测资料,研究了地面臭氧浓度全年总体分布、季节变化、日变化及浓度频率分布规律.结果表明,该地区φ(O₃)全年平均值为32.41×10-9,其日变化呈明显单峰型, 14:00左右达到最大值, 约04:00出现最小值.φ(O₃)月均值在春末夏初达到最大值,在12月─次年2月出现最小值.φ(O₃)各月的平均振幅在夏季达到最大,说明临安本底站夏季臭氧光化学反应比较强烈.除冬季外,其他季节该地区近地面φ(O₃)均有超过《环境空气质量标准》(GB30952-1996)二级标准的情况,全年超标率为0.96%.      

乐安河中下游重金属时空分布特征及风险评价

为了解乐安河中下游受矿区影响河段的重金属污染水平及其污染程度,于2016年选择不同水文时期,对相应河段表层水体和表层沉积物中6种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd和As)的含量水平、赋存形态及空间分布进行了研究,并采用地累积指数评价法和潜在生态风险指数法对表层沉积物中重金属的污染程度和生态风险进行了评价.结果表明,乐安河中下游水体中Cu、Zn和Cd等重金属浓度在枯水期高于平水期和丰水期.丰、平水期流速与Cd、Pb、Cu和Cr等重金属浓度表现出显著的正相关关系.表层沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的污染水平较高,重金属含量沿程分布特征存在季节差异,枯水期沉积物中重金属含量在河流靠近矿区处最高,而在丰、平水期则分别在下游和河口处达到最高值.沉积物中重金属除Cd以可交换态为主外,其余重金属形态组成中残渣态比重较高.地累积指数法评价结果显示乐安河受到Cu偏重度污染和Cd中度污染.单因子潜在生态风险指数法显示,Cd的潜在生态风险指数较高,部分河段存在严重风险.     

基于数值模拟对西安地区冬季一次重污染过程PM2.5区域来源解析

西安是关中盆地经济发展的核心城市,特殊的地形和工业发展导致冬季细颗粒物(PM_2.5)污染严重,制定科学合理的治理措施迫切需要明确PM_2.5的来源.本文基于空气质量模式CAMx(Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions)、颗粒物源解析模块PSAT(Particulate Source Apportionment Technology)及融入多种来源数据后建立的排放清单来量化西安地区本地及区域传输贡献.在本文研究的重污染过程中,模式的模拟精度合理,模拟与观测值相关系数为0.78,FAC2达到95%.PSAT模块在本次重污染过程中对西安PM_2.5的来源解析结果显示:在城区,西安本地为最大的排放源区,日均贡献率均大于60%,其次为咸阳8%,省外的传输为6%;在郊区,西安本地的贡献减少,传输贡献增加,其中阎良区传输贡献达到83%.对西安城区的一次细颗粒物面源排放量减少50%模拟后,城区和郊区来自周边区域渭南或咸阳的贡献率有6%～8%的增长.该研究结果表明需要从本地排放管控和区域...     

The Narrative Cycle of Climate Change in the Greek Newspapers, 2001–2008

This paper aims to establish whether the longitudinal framing of climate change (CC) in Greek newspapers exhibits the characteristics of a “narrative cycle,” with different themes becoming prominent at different periods in accordance with the media’s narrative considerations. In order to test this assumption, we formulate a number of hypotheses which we test with data originating from three Greek newspapers over the period 2001–2008. We find that the scientific and ecological/meteorological themes of CC are more often mentioned during the initial phase of media coverage, arguably due to media’s attempt to open the narrative and capture the public’s attention. Public protests and debate feature more prominently during the peaked phase of coverage, in accordance with the narrative need for a climax, while the later period of coverage, when some kind of resolution to the story should be offered, is characterized by the prominence of policy-making and economy-related issues.     

Environmental regulation and firms’ performance: a quasi-natural experiment from China

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates whether environmental regulation affects firm’s performance including productivity, wage and employment using firm-level data in 1996–2007. The identification uses Two Control Zones (TCZ) policy implemented by the Chinese government in 1998, in which tougher environmental regulations were imposed in TCZ cities but not others. By difference-in-differences estimation, we find that tougher environmental regulation leads to larger increase on both total factor productivity and wage, and firms tend to employ fewer workers under pressure of environmental protection. Heterogeneous tests show that the impacts are better for non-pollution intensive firms, non-exporters and SOEs. Finally, we find that R&D input and exiting firms among industry are the driving forces for enhancing TFP and increasing wage and unemployment.     

乐安河水环境现状及其治理措施

根据水文、水质和污染源调查结果,分析了乐安河流域水质的污染现状和综合环境质量,认为CODCr和氨氮是乐安河流域的主要水污染物,畜牧养殖业和城镇居民生活污水是最主要的污染源。根据这些分析,从乐安河流域的水质控制目标出发,提出了以污染源达标排放、筹建生活污水处理厂、控制面源污染、实施生态恢复、加强监控与管理等措施作为乐安河水环境综合治理的对策。     

Nonadditive effects among threats on rare plant species

The current loss of biodiversity has put 50,000 plant species at an elevated risk of extinction worldwide. Conserving at-risk species is often complicated by covariance or nonadditivity among threats, which makes it difficult to determine optimal management strategies. We sought to demographically quantify covariance and nonadditive effects of more threats on more rare plant species than ever attempted in a single analysis. We used 1082 population reports from 186 populations across 3 U.S. states of 27 rare, herbaceous plant species collected over 15 years by citizen scientists. We used a linear mixed-effects model with 4 threats and their interactions as fixed predictors, species as a random predictor, and annual growth rates as the response. We found a significant 3-way interaction on annual growth rates; rare plant population sizes were reduced by 46% during the time immediately after disturbance when populations were also browsed by deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and had high levels of encroachment by woody species. This nonadditive effect should be considered a major threat to the persistence of rare plant species. Our results highlight the need for comprehensive, multithreat assessments to determine optimal conservation actions.     

Ferric-manganese doped sulphated zirconia nanoparticles catalyst for single-step biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: Characterization and optimization

Biodiesel of waste cooking oil origin is gaining attention as a replacement for current fossil fuels, as its low-priced, recycled feedstock shall prevent food source competition, which is estimated to happen with current biodiesel production processes. As a result, waste cooking oil has been claimed to be a highly potential feedstock for biodiesel production. In the present research work, Fe-Mn doped sulphated zirconia catalyst was synthesized and used in simultaneous esterification and transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel synthesis. The catalyst was prepared through the impregnation method and characterized by using XRD, TPD-NH_3, FT-IR, BET, and TEM. Response surface methodology (RSM) in conjunction with the central composite design (CCD) was applied to statistically evaluate and optimize the biodiesel preparation process. It was found that the synthesis of biodiesel achieved an optimum level of 97.2% waste cooking oil methyl ester’s (WCOME’s) yield at the following reaction conditions: methanol/oil molar ratio: 10:1, catalyst concentration: 3.0 wt %, and reaction temperature: 160 °C. The extremely high WCOME’s yield of 97.2% was proved to be due to high acidity, surface area, and large pore diameter; reactants can easily diffuse into the interior pore of the catalyst and allow them to be in contact with active sites that enhance catalytic activity.