基于熵权的西安市大气环境质量模糊综合评价

针对传统方法在评价大气环境质量中存在评价因素单一,不能反映多种污染物对大气环境的综合影响等缺点,文章运用模糊综合评价理论并结合熵值赋权法,选取SO2、NO2、PM10三个污染因子为评价参数,参照国家大气环境质量标准,通过计算污染因子权重分配系数和隶属度,对2006年、2010年西安市区及其不同功能区的大气环境质量作出客观综合评价并加以对比。评价结果表明:2010年西安市区大气环境质量符合国家Ⅱ级标准,较2006年无明显改善且有潜在污染加剧的趋势;西安市内交通区、工业区的大气环境质量劣于全市平均水平,是该市大气环境治理的重点区域;PM10为西安市区最主要污染因子,在全市污染影响普遍,但近年NO2污染呈现的上升趋势也应引起警惕。     

城市生态型新区生态建设规划研究——以西安市浐灞生态区为例

结合西安市浐灞生态区的建设特色,系统地阐述了城市新区规划建设的理念和目标,提出了一套适合城市生态型新区建设的、操作性强的指标体系,重点论述了生态区建设的主要领域和重点任务。     

西安经济技术开发区企业安全生产标准化调查及模式探讨

随着我国安全生产标准化工作的逐步开展,安全生产标准化的推广研究越来越被人们所关注.本文通过对西安经济技术开发区企业安全生产标准化工作的调查,总结了经开区安全生产标准化推行工作的制约关联因素,并对调查结果进行了分析.结果表明,西安经开区安全生产标准化推行工作处于初期阶段,需要进一步推广；安全生产标准化推行中存在的问题主要集中在认识不足、基础薄弱、产业结构复杂、引导政策缺失等.结合这些存在的问题和推行实践经验,提出从观念认识、制定政策、技术指导、考核激励和分级管理几个方面推行西安经开区安全生产标准化工作的模式,这对经开区推广安全生产标准化有促进作用和指导意义.     

Bottom-up perspectives on nature conservation systems: The differences between regional and local administrations

Many proposals to improve biodiversity governance target the stage of policy formulation. In this paper we highlight the importance of the subsequent policy realization stage, which is mostly carried out by sub-national administrative levels. We explore the differences in the opinions of practitioners representing regional and local public institutions in conservation policy design and implementation. The research was conducted through surveying a representative sample of local and regional practitioners within Małopolska, Poland. The results illustrate a cross-level mismatch between the regional and local practitioners. That is, practitioners operating at different administrative levels have significantly different opinions on nature conservation system performance, system effectiveness, the distribution of power among actors, and on the allocation of costs and benefits stemming from nature conservation. Local level representatives are generally more pleased with overall nature conservation performance and its outcomes, while regional level representatives are more skeptical, especially toward local level performance and the overall effectiveness of nature conservation. Also, local level respondents are more critical, while regional practitioners hold more positive images of the procedures involved during policy implementation. We highlight the practical implications of this kind of research, and the importance of quantitative data in evaluating the overall performance of conservation policy.     

Exploring coffee farmers’ awareness about climate change and water needs: Smallholders’ perceptions of adaptive capacity

Nicaragua is one of the four countries most affected by climate change, and coffee production is expected to vastly shrink in some critical areas. This can have considerable effects on social structure since nearly a third of its working population depend on coffee for a living. Social perceptions of climate change and water pressures are a key issue in the public's acceptance of adaptation measures. Furthermore, the existing risk for crop production is not necessarily correlated with the farmers’ awareness of that threat. This paper focuses on coffee producers’ perception of risk and adaptive capacity for coffee crops in Nicaragua in response to climate change and water availability. We aim to analyze how dependent the producers are on water resources, and if this reliance affects their perception of risk and their expectations with regard to public and private support for dealing with adaptation. A survey of 212 representative farmers of the national population of farms in the country's two most important production areas was conducted for this purpose. We consider socio-economic and biophysical variables to explain the farmers’ perceptions. Our findings show that experience and technical capacity are relevant to the adaptive capacity although smallholders do not always show high concern and their expectations with regard to external support are very low. The paper can be useful to prioritize the measures necessary for a greater level of involvement from stakeholders.     

贵州瓮安岚关磷矿元素特征及沉积环境分析

为了详细研究贵州瓮安岚关地区晚震旦世灯影期元素特征及沉积环境演化,对该区广泛发育的叠层石磷块岩进行了系统采样分析。结果表明,叠层石磷块岩中较高的Ca/(Ca+Fe)值及纹层构造的发育,指示研究区沉积期属于超咸水环境;而Sr/Ba值则说明沉积期古海水盐度发生多次改变。微量元素总量、Sr含量以及1000×(Sr/Ca)值等反映沉积期瓮安岚关一带水体深度较浅,水深变化频繁。Fe的存在形式、V/Cr及Ceanom值说明沉积期岚关地区处于一个较为氧化环境中。而Al/Ti值及Mg/Ca值则说明沉积期岚关地区降雨量较多,古气候较潮湿。     

西安城市生态建设与景观绿色生态环境发展研究

生态城市建设是未来城市建设的发展方向。西安市在改革后的快速发展中,由于各种因素的影响,生态环境受到了一定的破坏,影响和制约着西安国际化大都市的建设。西安的城市建设需要以城市生态学理论为基础,做好生态园林设计,在保证特色生态的基础上做好生态建设,推进景观绿色生态社区的建设,共同推进西安的景观绿色生态环境建设。     

Attitudes to and practices regarding sex selection in China

This paper explores the problem of China's ‘missing’ girls—estimated to run into many millions. It considers the impact of the underpinning Confucian value system in China that has produced a culture of son preference and which, together with China's compulsory family planning program and ‘one child policy’, has effectively established a ‘one son policy’. Discussion of the various means by which the birth or survival of daughters have traditionally been prevented provides the context for identifying the contribution of new sex selection procedures to the maintenance of son preference in contemporary Chinese society. The paper concludes that China's son preference is not simply a personal problem for the millions of ‘missing girls’ who were destined to live a shorter life and for the surviving girls who continue to face considerable discrimination simply because they are of the ‘wrong’ sex; it heralds a social and demographic disaster of major proportions for which neither the government nor the people of China appear to have the will or the means to forestall. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Investigation on the Degradation of Natural Heritage of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring at Dunhuang City,China

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to put forward a reasonable idea of the general protection for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring, a rare and unique desert wonder, and of sustainable tourism development based on the research on the ecological environment around. Methods of documentation, case study and comparison were employed. Finally, aiming at solving the problems of natural environment and those existing after the exploitation of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring the author puts forward three measures: the comprehensive treatment for Crescent Moon Spring (broadening resources of water and reducing expenditures, checking the decreasing depth of Crescent Moon Spring, and improving the geographical environment), the general protection envisions for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring and establishing a dynamic monitoring and early-warning system of regional ecosystem.     

Investigation on the Degradation of Natural Heritage of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring at Dunhuang City, China

The main purpose of this study is to put forward a reasonable idea of the general protection for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring, a rare and unique desert wonder, and of sustainable tourism development based on the research on the ecological environment around. Methods of documentation, case study and comparison were employed. Finally, aiming at solving the problems of natural environment and those existing after the exploitation of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring the author puts forward three measures： the comprehensive treatment for Crescent Moon Spring （broadening resources of water and reducing expenditures, checking the decreasing depth of Crescent Moon Spring, and improving the geographical environment）, the general protection envisions for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring and establishing a dynamic monitoring and early-warning system of regional ecosystem.