哑铃湾网箱养殖自身污染状况

根据2002年4月、7月、10月和2003年1月对哑铃湾海域网箱养殖区的调查数据，分析该海域网箱养殖自身污染情况。结果表明，网箱养殖增加了水体中N、P的含量，改变了养殖水体中一些化学因子的垂直分布，加速了哑铃湾海域的有机污染和富营养化。随着养殖年限的增加，哑铃湾网箱养殖自身污染日趋严重。     

粤港澳大湾区PM2.5本地与非本地污染来源解析

粤港澳大湾区（简称"大湾区"）建设是我国新时代重大国家战略之一.虽然大湾区空气质量在我国处于领先地位，但与世界先进湾区相比还有较大差距.制定大湾区PM_2.5精细化防控策略，需要在识别大湾区各城市PM_2.5污染来源的基础上，量化PM_2.5本地和非本地贡献及时空变化规律.基于此，本研究首次在大湾区15个站点同步开展持续一年的PM_2.5采样和组分分析，并将正定矩阵因子分析模型与后向轨迹结合，建立一种定量识别PM_2.5本地与非本地贡献的新方法.通过对大湾区不同季节所属空气域进行划分，厘清大湾区各城市PM_2.5本地与非本地贡献的动态化特征.结果发现，在2015年，大湾区15个站点共解析出9种PM_2.5污染源，分别为机动车、重油、老化海盐、扬尘源、二次硫酸盐、二次硝酸盐、金属冶炼、生物质燃烧和新鲜海盐.其中，二次硫酸盐和机动车是大湾区最主要的两个PM_2.5污染源.不同站点非本地贡献占比为51%~72%，表明外来传输是大湾区 PM_2.5污染的主要来源.内陆和沿海站点污染源的本地与非本地贡献差异较为显著，主要原因是气象条件和排放特征的差异.值得注意的是，2015年大湾区超过一半的时间处于同一个空气域，而有43%的时间处于两个不同空气域.进一步在每个季节划分空气域，发现大湾区处于两个空气域时，秋、冬季节沿海站点易形成单独的空气域，此时非本地贡献较强（68%~72%）；春季内陆站点易形成单独的空气域，此时本地贡献较强（94%）.基于对PM_2.5本地和非本地贡献变化情况的定量识别，能够为大湾区各城市制定动态的PM_2.5排放控制策略提供科学支撑.     

胶州湾岩心柱状沉积物中有机氯农药的气相色谱法测定

采用气相色谱法(GC)测定了胶州湾中部岩心柱状沉积物中10种常见的有机氯农药,发现狄氏剂、p,p'-DDT、异狄氏剂和β-666等4种是该海域主要的有机氯农药污染物.其中狄氏剂和p,p'-DDT的检出率为100%,其余2种分别为44%和67%.10种有机氯农药在样品中的总含量为(4.2～121.8)×10-12(干重).调查站位上4种主要的有机氯农药在柱状沉积物中的垂直分布特征为表层至20～22 cm层位其含量随深度的增加而增大;在22 cm以深层位,∑OCPs迅速降低,可能与深层沉积物中的氧化-还原条件以及微生物作用等环境因素引起的降解速率增大有关.     

象山港流域入湾河流水体中重金属风险评价及其来源解析

本文根据丰水期象山港8种溶解态重金属的浓度调查,通过单因子污染指数(P_i)、内梅罗综合污染指数(P_n)和重金属污染指数(HPI)评价方法研究了重金属流域内入湾河流中重金属的污染.基于流域内土地利用类型与重金属浓度的相关性,结合实地走访调查,对重金属的来源进行了解析.结果表明,区域内重金属平均浓度大小表现为:FeMnZnCuAsCrPbCd;除Mn和Fe外,其余6种重金属浓度均符合《地表水环境质量标准》中的Ⅰ类水标准;区域内重金属风险较低,无污染现象,但存在沾污情况;以水产养殖为代表的农业面源污染是区域内重金属出现沾污的主要因素.为了合理规避区域内城镇化发展进程中的重金属风险,重点在于加强以农业面源为主的污染源监管.     

MODELING TIDAL HYDRODYNAMICS OF SAN DIEGO BAY,CALIFORNIA1

ABSTRACT: In 1983, current data were collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration using mechanical current meters. During 1992 through 1996, acoustic Doppler current profilers as well as mechanical current meters and tide gauges were used. These measurements not only document tides and tidal currents in San Diego Bay, but also provide independent data sets for model calibration and verification. A high resolution (100-m grid), depth-averaged, numerical hydrodynamic model has been implemented for San Diego Bay to describe essential tidal hydrodynamic processes in the bay. The model is calibrated using the 1983 data set and verified using the more recent 1992–1996 data. Discrepancies between model predictions and field data in both model calibration and verification are on the order of the magnitude of uncertainties in the field data. The calibrated and verified numerical model has been used to quantify residence time and dilution and flushing of contaminant effluent into San Diego Bay. Furthermore, the numerical model has become an important research tool in ongoing hydrodynamic and water quality studies and in guiding future field data collection programs.     

莱州湾滨海盐渍土中铵态氮水平运移室内模拟试验

莱州湾滨海盐渍土中铵态氮水平运移规律研究表明,铵态氮在水平方向存在运移,运移速率随供试示踪剂源距离的增加而迅速减小,在20cm运移距离内,NH+4由于受到土壤胶体的吸附而逐渐降低,并呈幂函数关系;铵态氮的水平运移主要由土壤对铵吸附的饱和程度决定,而运移速率主要由铵态氮的浓度梯度和水势梯度控制。铵态氮水平运移速率随土壤含水量的增大而升高,并呈指数曲线变化。铵态氮水平运移的浓度受非饱和土壤水扩散率的影响,并随非饱和土壤水扩散率的升高而呈幂函数曲线下降。     

小窑湾双壳贝类筏式养殖对海域环境的影响

在对小窑湾海水交换、海域环境现状、底质环境、养殖区生物代谢产生的IN、IP以有浮游植物消长的研究中，首次发现了在没有陆域污染源入海的海湾型双壳贝类筏式养殖区养殖生物产生的IN、IP与浮游植物消长有其独特的平衡关系和制约机制：一方面养殖贝类排泄的IN、IP被浮游植物利用，另一方面贝类摄食又控制了浮游植物的爆发性增殖，同时解释了养殖区水质质量相对较好的原因。     

‘Coastal squeeze’— an historical perspective

The use of salt marsh for agricultural use has probably been going on for thousands of years. This paper will look at the situation in southeast England, particularly the Wash. Here enclosure for extended grazing and over the last several hundred years, for arable cultivation, may have taken place since Roman Times. An enclosure of Freiston Shore salt marsh (1979) and a proposed further enclosure at Gedney Drove End at about the same time raised concerns about the cumulative effect of these developments on nature conservation interests. These concerns prompted the nature conservation agencies to oppose the Gedney Drove End enclosure. Though the conservation argument did not persuade the Government that no further enclosure should take place, economic circumstances changed such that the pressure for the creation of new agricultural land diminished. This marked the end of ‘reclamation’ in the Wash. Since then, in the UK at least, there have been no further enclosures of salt marsh for agriculture. What were the arguments that lead to this change? Up to this point the perceived wisdom, in the Wash at least, was that as enclosure took place new inter-tidal land was created to seaward— with no net loss of inter-tidal land. Today we accept that this is not the case and a policy of managed re-alignment has increasingly been adopted in England, at sites ranging from the Porlock shingle ridge in north Devon to the salt marshes of Freiston in the Wash. It is argued that recognition of ‘coastal squeeze’ probably began in the Wash some 20 years ago. It would appear that we are now witnessing a reversal of this trend. How far will it take us? Will we see a return of the large expanses of tidal swamp around the Wash and elsewhere along the southern North Sea coast? Is this an inevitable consequence of global warming? This paper provides an historical perspective of the issues and arguments that have led us to recognize ‘coastal squeeze’ and the importance of dynamic coast, including the European Commission’s ‘EURosion Project’, which reported in 2004 (Salman et al. 2004).     

基于水质模型的海湾填海岸线选择

在应用水动力学模型预测海湾余流分布的前提下，讨论了深圳湾北岩填海后污染物迁移规律的一些变化，并采用水质模型分析了海湾的水质变化。根据浓度场的迭加原理，计算了各种岩线方案下海湾可利用的环境容量。通过对不同环境要求的各种岩线方案之比较，给出了协调诸要求的相对较优岸线。     

大亚湾沉积物中137Cs纵向迁移研究

鉴于海洋沉积物是^137Cs在海域内迁移的最终归宿．建立了沉积物中污染物纵向迁移分布的定量模型，在机理分析中充分考虑了海水-表层沉积物界面上通过沉降、扩散、吸附-解吸等作用完成的物质传输，并对大亚湾内4个监测点底质芯样中^137Cs活度进行了模拟分析，对未来底质中^137Cs的富集趋势进行了预测。