Organochlorine residues in finfish from Maryland waters 1976–1980

Abstract

Organochlorine pesticide and herbicide levels were monitored in samples of a variety of edible finfish harvested from the Maryland section of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries over a five‐year period (1976–80). Qualitative and quantitative information was obtained for the various polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), heptachlor, α‐BHC, chlordane, DDD, DDE, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor‐epoxide, lindane, mirex, methoxychlor, aldrin, toxaphene, hexachlorobenzene, kepone and dacthal.

In addition to analyses of the flesh of the animals, organochlorine residue levels were determined in roe or gonad tissue of several samples. Striped bass, white perch and yellow perch samples showed significantly higher concentrations of certain of these substances in roe or gonad tissue, especially PCB's, chlordane, DDD and dieldrin. Significantly higher levels of six organochlorine residues were found in the gonad tissue of striped bass; however, similar studies on gonad tissue of American Shad, harvested from the same region, show no such enhancement. Rather, the reverse is true; levels of certain organochlorine residues are higher in flesh tissue.

All mean values, and virtually all individual values of organochlorine concentrations in the edible portion of the fish were within the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guideline, where such guidelines have been established.     

Identifying potential receptors and routes of contaminant exposure in the traditional territory of the Ouje-Bougoumou Cree: Land use and a geographical information system

Great concern has been raised with respect to the 13 traplines that constitute the traditional territory of the Ouje-Bougoumou Cree located in the James Bay region of northern Quebec, Canada, with respect to mine wastes originating from three local mines. As a result, an “Integrative Risk Assessment” was initiated consisting of three interrelated components: a comprehensive human health study, an assessment of the existing ecological/environmental database, and a land use/potential sites of concern study. In this paper, we document past and present land use in the traditional territory of the Ouje-Bougoumou Cree for 72 heads of households, including 13 tallymen, and use a Geographic Information System (GIS) to layer harvest/hunting and gathering/collecting data over known mining areas and potential sites of concern. In this way, potential receptors of contamination and routes of human exposure were identified. Areas of overlap with respect to land use activity and mining operations were relatively extensive for certain harvesting activities (e.g., beaver, Castor canadensis and various species of game birds), less so for fish harvesting (all species) and water collection, and relatively restrictive for large mammal harvesting and collection of firewood (and other collection activities). Potential receptors of contaminants associated with mining activity (e.g., fish and small mammals) and potential routes of exposure (e.g., ingestion of contaminated game and drinking of contaminated water) were identified.     

Chemical Characteristics and Source Implications of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminants in the Sediments near Major Drainage Outfalls along the Coastal of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China

The associated industrial and urban developments are located to a large extent along the Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea coastal and raw sewage is often discharged into near shore waters with little treatment. To find out chemical characteristics and pollution source of the petroleum related contaminations in sediments near the major drainage outfalls located in the coastal, in this study, 10 surface sediment samples were collected during June. Sediment samples were extracted by organic solvents, separated by silica gel column chromatography and the concentrations and the profiles of n-alkane, biomarker and PAH in sediments were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass selective detector (GC-MSD). The use of several molecular markers and related indexes derived for n-alkane and PAHs has been proposed for assessing the relative contributions to the environment of hydrocarbon sources. As a result, n-alkanes reflect that the sea area of paper mill (Station ZZ08) is dominated by vascular plant. DY petroleum oil field and outer shore of the paper mill (Station ZZ02) have some degrees of petroleum related hydrocarbon contamination. Whereas the contamination of the sea area of TH River may be ascribed to different sources such as territorial non-point pollution source, domestic sewages, and stormwater runoff. Judged by their PAH ratios, the sediments near the paper mill (Station ZZ02) and the outer station of the oil field (Staion TH2) were pyrolytic. The estuary of Tiao River including the inner Station THX, TH10 and TH05 are petrogenic. The marine sediment near DY drainage outfall may have a mixture source of PAH both pyrolytic and petrogenic.     

辽东湾浮游植物多样性及与海洋环境因子的关系

以2005年7～9月份辽东湾浮游植物的调查数据为主,结合以往的调查数据对浮游植物的种群结构、分布特征、多样性指数的变化及其与海洋环境因子的关系进行了分析.结果表明,浮游植物个体数量高值区主要集中在北部海区,而其生物多样性与均匀度指数却明显低于西部和东南部海区,说明该海区水体、生态环境、生物群落不如西部和东南部海区稳定、成熟.浮游植物多样性主要受水温、盐度、COD、生物量、物种数等环境因子的制约.     

降雨径流事件对三峡水库香溪河库湾甲烷释放的影响

甲烷是一种重要的温室气体,水库的甲烷源汇效应备受关注,然而观测时间的代表性不足以及缺乏对非良好天气状况的考虑制约了 CH4 排放的准确估计.本研究以三峡水库香溪河库湾为研究对象,针对2019年夏季一场完整降雨径流事件在库湾中游断面开展跟踪连续监测,初步探讨了降雨以及来流过程对库湾甲烷浓度与释放的影响.结果表明,降雨事件...     

环渤海地区海洋经济发展进程中的生态环境响应及其影响因素

基于海洋经济发展进程的生态环境演化模型,建立了环渤海地区海洋经济与生态环境发展水平评价指标体系,通过构建响应度模型定量分析2004至2014年环渤海地区海洋经济发展的海洋生态环境响应变化及影响因素,得出以下结论:(1)通过构建海洋经济与生态环境发展水平评价指标体系及综合评价模型进行测算发现,环渤海地区海洋经济发展综合评价值由2004年的0.135提升至2014年的0.850,表明环渤海地区海洋经济发展水平不断提高,并呈现出良好的发展势头;海洋生态环境发展综合评价值先由2004年的0.647降至2012年的0.335,后又缓慢回升至2014年的0.374,表明环渤海地区海洋生态环境水平虽在2012至2014年间略有好转,但总体仍呈波动下降趋势。(2)通过构建海洋生态环境响应度模型进行测算发现,环渤海地区海洋经济发展的生态环境响应指数由2004年的-0.073下降至2012年的-0.576,而后又增大至2014年的-0.297,表明环渤海地区海洋经济发展对生态环境演变产生了"胁迫"影响,总体呈现出由"弱胁迫"向"强胁迫"变化的态势,但胁迫程度在2012至2014年间有所缓和。(3)通过多元回归分析发现,与海洋生态环境响应指数的偏回归系数较高的3个自变量分别为海洋科技课题成果应用数量、海域利用效率、单位面积工业废水排放达标量,且海域利用效率的回归系数最高为0.749。表明海域利用效率是影响环渤海地区海洋生态环境响应演变的主要因素,此外,海洋科技发展水平的提高以及海洋污染治理力度加强等因素也对胁迫程度的减小具有一定的推动作用。     

浙江乐清湾海岸带地区乡村城市化发展机制研究

海岸带是人地关系矛盾较为突出的地带.浙江乐清湾海岸带地区在著名的"温州模式"的熏陶下,其城镇发展具有典型的乡村城市化的特征.本文选取乐清海沿岸的乐清市、玉环县和温岭的23个建制乡镇为研究范围,在阐述乐清湾海岸带地区乡村城市化特征的基础上,从隐性机制和显性机制两方面探讨了研究区以市场推导为主动力的"自下而上"的乡村城市化发展机制.隐性机制,包括农村内部的推动力、城市的拉动力和农民主体观念的转变;显性机制,包括市场激励、政策环境、资金因素、政府作用和交通发展.最后提出了加快小城镇发展的若干调控对策,即进一步加快基础设施建设、优化生产力布局、重点培育优势城镇等.     

海河-渤海湾沿线地区沉积物中微生物群落代谢特征

采用Biolog实验方法,结合PCA(主成分分析)及多样性指数计算,对海河沿线及渤海湾地区沉积物中微生物的代谢活性进行了比对和分析.结果表明,研究区域内微生物的代谢特征受到重金属(铬、镉、铜、汞、铅等)污染和有机物污染(BOD5、CODMn)的共同影响.在重金属污染较高且有机污染水平较低的地区,微生物代谢活性和多样性指数均明显较低;在重金属含量相对较低而有机物污染较高的地区,微生物的代谢活性出现最大值,多样性指数也较高;在其余地区微生物的代谢多样性未受到明显影响,而代谢活性则沿陆地河(海河)到海洋(渤海湾)呈现有规律的变化.     

2000—2012年深圳湾及邻近沿岸水域溶解无机磷的来源和时空分布

依据2000—2012年每月1次的调查资料,简要描述和讨论了深圳湾及邻近沿岸水域中溶解无机磷(DIP)质量浓度的时空分布,并结合盐度(S)和溶解无机氮实测数据探讨DIP的来源和氮:磷(N∶P)原子比.结果表明,深圳湾和珠江口东南沿岸中DIP质量浓度分别为(0.184±0.167)mg·L-1和(0.025±0.013)mg·L-1.在深圳湾,由于受到周边陆源排放的影响,DIP质量浓度在丰水期较低,枯水期较高.在珠江口东南沿岸,由于受到多个环境因子的制约,DIP质量浓度在夏秋季较高,冬春季较低.2000—2012年珠江口东南沿岸DIP质量浓度的年际变化趋势基本上保持平稳;深圳湾DIP质量浓度在2000—2004年呈上升趋势,从0.173 mg·L-1上升至0.236 mg·L-1,2005—2012年则呈下降趋势,从0.221mg·L-1下降至0.120 mg·L-1;2000—2012年深圳湾和珠江口东南沿岸N∶P原子比的年际变化均呈上升趋势,分别从31.8和41.5上升至44.9和60.1.研究海区中的DIP具有"保守性",主要来自陆源排放.依二元混合质量平衡模式估算的珠江口东南沿岸DIP的陆源质量分数约为63.0%,而深圳湾的都87%.研究海区中N∶P原子比高达48.3±36.9,暗示磷是初级生产的潜在限制因子.     

桑沟湾和胶州湾夏季的沉积物-水界面营养盐通量研究

1999年8月通过原样培养研究了黄海的桑沟湾和胶州湾潮下带沉积物-海水界面的营养盐通量.结果表明,两个湾的沉积物均向水层释放NH4-N,通量为0.76(桑沟湾)和0.67 mmol/m2·d(胶州湾),对水层初级生产所需无机氮的贡献为14%(桑沟湾)和12%(胶州湾);桑沟湾的沉积物对PO4-P有净吸收,通量为-1.17mmol/m2·d,而胶州湾的沉积物释放PO4-P,通量为0.01 mmol/m2·d.与其他近岸浅海环境相比,桑沟湾和胶州湾的沉积物-水界面营养盐通量及对水层初级生产的贡献率均处于较低水平.回归统计分析表明,桑沟湾和胶州湾沉积物-水界面的NH4-N通量与沉积物表层的C、N含量正相关,PO4-P通量与沉积物耗氧率和上覆水PO4-P浓度相关.