FORESTS AND OTHER FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH STREAMFLOWS IN EAST TEXAS1

Effects of proportion of watersheds in forest and watershed physiographic factors on mean annual streamflow (1965-76), median flow, and 12 flood flow characteristics were regionally analyzed for 19 unregulated streams in East Texas. Annual streamflow increased with decreasing proportion of forest area. Differences in annual streamflow between full forest cover and bare watersheds could be as much as 200 mm. Other things being equal, the minimum watershed area required to generate 0.142 cm (5 cfs), a criterion used by the U.S. Corps of Engineering in regulating dredge and fill activity for water pollution abatement in East Texas streams, is 70 km² (27 mi²). Of the 31 physio-climatic parameters analyzed, watershed area, percent forest area, shape index, spring precipitation, and annual temperature were the most significant in affecting streamflow characteristics in East Texas. Using 2-3 of these five variables, all of the 14 streamflow characteristics can be estimated with accuracy ranging from acceptable to excellent levels.     

基于人工神经网络的巢湖富营养化分时分区评价

应用人工神经网络方法,以温度、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、总氮作为评价参数,对巢湖湖区12个点位的营养状态进行了分时段评价,一共评价了2000年至2003年四个年度的各月份的营养状态。因为湖泊的营养状态水平是变化的,不同区域、不同时段营养状态水平是不同的,因此采用分区分时评价更能全面客观地反映巢湖的营养状态水平及其变化特征。     

铅蓄电池企业废气中铅及其化合物便携式XRF检测方法

在企业污染源现场实现污染物排放浓度水平的快速判定和超标风险筛查,对生态环境管理部门提高执法效率、企业提高环境管理水平意义重大。铅是一种对人体危害极大的有毒重金属,目前缺少含铅废气中铅及其化合物的便携式直读检测设备和检测方法。探索性地将X射线荧光光谱(XRF)法应用于铅蓄电池企业含铅废气中铅及其化合物的便携式快速、直读检测。研究结果表明,基于XRF的面密度法适用于铅蓄电池企业含铅废气处理设施后铅及其化合物的快速、直读检测,相对国标方法具有快速、直读、对样品无损、便于复测等特点,可用于铅及其化合物排放浓度水平的快速判定和超标风险筛查。     

北京市通州污灌区土壤环境质量监测和蔬菜重金属污染状况研究

通过对北京市通州污灌区土壤现状调查与蔬菜重金属污染监测,结合土壤环境质量标准、食品卫生标准及污灌区污染历史,分析对比该区土壤和蔬菜重金属污染状况及其变化。结果表明,本次监测通州污灌区土壤中重金属平均含量均达到土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)中二级标准限量。对照土壤中的重金属Cu、Pb、Cr、Cd和As均达到土壤一级标准。凉水河两岸和通惠北干渠中重金属含量均高于对照土壤,说明污灌区污水灌溉已使土壤受到一定程度的污染。与二十世纪70年代末监测结果相比,土壤中多数重金属含量处于上升趋势。污灌区蔬菜重金属含量监测结果表明,其含量水平均达到食品卫生标准,说明污灌区蔬菜尚未受到严重污染。     

A holistic approach towards assessment of severity of land degradation along the Great Wall in northern Shaanxi Province,China

The farming and grazing interlocked transitional zone along theGreat Wall in northern Shaanxi Province is particularly vulnerable to desertification due to its fragile ecosystem and intensive human activity. Studies reveal that desertification isboth a natural and anthropogenic process. Four desertificationindicators (vegetative cover, proportion of drifting sand area, desertification rate, and population pressure) were used to assess the severity of desertification in a GIS. The first threefactors were derived from multitemporal remote sensing and landinventory data. The last factor was calculated from census data.It was found that the overall severity of land degradation in thestudy area has worsened during the last two decades with severely, highly and moderately degraded land accounting for 84.2% of the total area in 1998. While the area affected by desertification has increased, the rate of desertification has also accelerated from 0.74 to 0.87%. Risk of land degradation in the study area has increased, on an average, by 155% since 1985. Incorporation of both natural and anthropogenic factors inthe analysis provides realistic assessment of risk of desertification.     

苏州市水环境质量调查

简述了1990年—2000年苏州市区水系的变化及京杭运河苏州段沿岸主要工业污染源的变化，对苏州市区水环境质量的变化进行了分析。指出，苏州市区水环境质量的变化主要受水系的改变和污染源防治的共同影响。提出，除继续加强对工业污染源的防治外，还需对水系范围内的生活、农业等方面产生的污染进行防治；在规划水利建设工程时，应将水环境质量的改善与生态建设全面地比较与评价，按其结果再实施工程建设；已建成的环太湖闸在不影响其主要功能的情况下，应保持开启，让优质的太湖水补给运河，从根本上改善苏州市区水环境质量。     

扬子板块东南缘湖南区段上元古界构造变形

本文就扬子板块东南缘湖南段上元古代三套同期异相沉积层—泥市群、板溪群及高涧群的构造变形特征分别作了简要概述。指出它们的主体构造变形是显生宙以来构造叠加变形的综合反映,其中,板溪群与高涧群的构造变形型式迥然有别,“雪峰隆起”的南北两侧不仅在组成上而且结构上均具显著的不对称性。     

藏北中西部大地构造单元划分及地质意义

调研区位于冈瓦纳大陆北缘。中生代以来班公湖—怒江洋及雅鲁藏布江洋相向俯冲、消亡，形成多岛弧—盆系洋陆的转化和陆内汇聚—高原隆升，构成了极复杂的构造格局。根据藏北1：25万邦多幅、措麦幅地质调查成果及区域前人资料综合分析，以多岛弧盆造山模式为理论，认为在Ⅰ级大地构造单元班公湖—怒江结合带及拉达克—冈底斯—拉萨—腾冲陆块上，由北至南可进一步划分晚侏罗世前陆盆地、白垩纪残余海盆、阿索构造混杂岩、燕山期岩浆弧、中生代复合弧后盆地、断隆带、晚燕山—喜马拉雅期岩浆弧带及新近纪—第四纪南北向地堑等Ⅱ级大地构造单元，将复杂的造山活动遗迹进行了有序的时空配置。     

新汶矿区大气环境污染现状及防治对策

通过对新汶矿区大气污染源、大气环境质量现状的调查分析，探求矿区大气污染的主要原因，并提出解决的方法途径。     

孙虎地区烃源岩生排烃史模拟及结果分析

生排烃史是研究成藏过程的关键环节,本文在恢复埋藏史的基础上,通过建立生排烃史模型,模拟并编制各时期的生排烃强度等值线图并分析其生排烃史。结果表明,孙虎地区存在持续沉降型、早期沉降型和二次沉降型三种生排烃类型。沙三段至东营组沉积末期只在北区和前磨头洼陷中心有少量的烃生成排出;孔二段在沙一段沉积末期生排烃范围有所扩大,东营组沉积末期几乎扩展到全区。本区生排烃总量较少,属贫油区块。