新疆环境保护网站建设的现状与发展探讨

1997年建成的＂新疆环境保护＂网站是全国第一家环保门户网站,也是新疆第一家政府类网站,新疆环保网站建设与发展已经历风雨兼程的10a,现在正进入一个崭新的发展阶段.回顾、总结和展望新疆各级环保网站的发展,吸取发展中的经验与教训,探索新疆各级环保网站建设中的规律,对新疆环保电子政务的＂理性建设、快速推进＂大有裨益.     

新疆减轻自然灾害的研究

新疆是我国自然灾害群生的典型地区和频发地区,每年自然灾害造成的损失巨大。在未来十年灾害形势十分严峻的背景下,为参与联合国倡义的“国际减灾十年”活动和推动新疆的减轻工作,我们对新疆1949～1990年主要灾害进行了分析研究和统计,并对今后的减灾工作提出了建议。     

新疆草地退化及其治理

草地退化是新疆草地面临的突出问题。在分析新疆草地生态环境退化现状的基础上，提出了治理对策，指出只有合理的开发利用草地资源，才能使新疆的草地资源优势真正转化为经济优势，实现新疆畜牧业的可持续发展。     

林带遮荫地种植苜蓿带的棉蚜生态防治

从进一步提高土地利用率、农田生态环境保护、优化农业结构、农区畜牧业发展前景以及国家西部大开发战略等方面,阐述了种植苜蓿带的意义。同时,简要介绍了苜蓿对棉花害虫的控制作用、操作方法以及苜蓿的栽培管理技术等。     

新疆河流径流特征分析

选择了新疆众多河流中代表性好的7条河流，对径流的特征进行了分析。结果表明，新疆河流径流量主要集中在夏季，占年径流量的50．8％—70．7％，春、秋季径流量差别不大，冬季仅占年径流量的4．7％—10．8％。以7条河流径流深值可看出，北疆径流深值比南疆大，最大的是布尔津河，径流深为507．4mm。从径流量的Cv值看，除头道沟为0．44，极值比4．42较大外，其它河流的Cv值均在0．19—0．23间、极值比在1．85—2．42间。同时，新疆大多数河流径流量90年代后有明显增多的趋势。     

Validation of two air quality models for Indian mining conditions

All major mining activity particularly opencast mining contributes to the problem of suspended particulate matter (SPM)directly or indirectly. Therefore, assessment and prediction are required to prevent and minimize the deterioration of SPM due tovarious opencast mining operations. Determination of emission rate of SPM for these activities and validation of air quality models are the first and foremost concern. In view of the above, the study was taken up for determination of emission rate for SPMto calculate emission rate of various opencast mining activitiesand validation of commonly used two air quality models for Indianmining conditions. To achieve the objectives, eight coal and three iron ore mining sites were selected to generate site specific emission data by considering type of mining, method of working, geographical location, accessibility and above all resource availability. The study covers various mining activitiesand locations including drilling, overburden loading and unloading, coal/mineral loading and unloading, coal handling orscreening plant, exposed overburden dump, stock yard, workshop, exposed pit surface, transport road and haul road. Validation of the study was carried out through Fugitive Dust Model (FDM) and Point, Area and Line sources model (PAL2) by assigning the measured emission rate for each mining activity, meteorologicaldata and other details of the respective mine as an input to the models. Both the models were run separately for the same set ofinput data for each mine to get the predicted SPM concentrationat three receptor locations for each mine. The receptor locationswere selected such a way that at the same places the actual filedmeasurement were carried out for SPM concentration. Statisticalanalysis was carried out to assess the performance of the modelsbased on a set measured and predicted SPM concentration data. The value of coefficient of correlation for PAL2 and FDM was calculated to be 0.990-0.994 and 0.966-0.997, respectively, which shows a fairly good agreement between measured and predicted values of SPM concentration. The average index of agreement values for PAL2 and FDM was found to be 0.665 and0.752, respectively, which represents that the prediction by PAL2 and FDM models are accurate by 66.5 and 75.2%, respectively. These indicate that FDM model is more suited for Indian mining conditions.     

新疆环境卫生学研究进展

从局部地面水遭到生活污水污染引起的水致传染病、开发地下水带来的生物地球化学性疾病、大气环境以及电离辐射几方面概述了新疆环境卫生学研究工作的进展。     

新疆和田地区土壤中天然放射性核素含量水平的调查研究

和田地区土壤中天然放射性核素铀－２３８、钍－２３２、镭－２２６和钾－４０按面积加权的均值（Ｂｑ·ｋｇ－１）依次是３７．５２±８．７３、４０．１５±５．３０、３０．０１±４．６０和５３１．１４±４０．７７，属正常本底辐射水平．铀镭平衡状况富铀。     

多拉纳萨依金矿床地球化学晕的数据处理及其找矿意义

多拉纳萨依原生金矿床,属于非石英脉型。该矿床金的成矿元素组合主要为Au-Bi-W-Ag,其原生与次生晕指示元素组合分别为Au-Ag-Bi-Sb-Mo-W-As和Au-Ag-Bi-Sb-Mo-W-As-Hg,两者具相似性。Au,As,Sb,Cu,Pb的分布型式在原生晕和次生晕中基本相同。次生晕应由原生晕或原生矿化体等元素引起,因此可直接根据次生异常场找寻与确定原生矿化体。     

Climatic and Environmental Changes in the Source Areas of Dust Storms in Xinjiang, China, during the Last 50 Years

The desert environmental changes in the source areas of dust storms occurring in Xinjiang are discussed based on the climate changes and the impacts of human activities in Xinjiang during the past 50 years. The results show that the climate in Xinjiang is changing from a warm-dry type to a warm-wet one. The warm-wet climate has been obvious since the mid-1970's, and especially the sensitivity of the regional climate change in this arid area is obviously revealed by many factors, such as the characteristics of the local climate change in south Xinjiang and north Xinjiang, the difference of climate change in the alpine zones and the basins, and the change of areas of the waters bodies. Furthermore, these factors also reveal the difference in the regional climate change between Xinjiang and central and eastern areas of China. The occurrence and development of dust storms are directly affected by the precipitation, air humidity, status of underlying surface, etc. in the arid areas. The frequency and intensity of dust storms are closely related to the natural conditions, changes of climate and desert environment, as well as the dynamic conditions (i.e., weather systems) in the source areas of dust storms. Therefore, global warming is one of the main causes resulting in the degradation of the ecological environment and the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, especially the disasters of sand drift and dust storms in the arid areas since the late-1980's, which reveals that the inland arid areas are sensitive regions to climate changes.