天津市滨海新区城市形态演化模拟及驱动力分析

基于TM遥感影像、城市规划图等数据,利用logistic—CA模型,模拟了2005～2010年天津市滨海新区城市形态演化,经过模拟面积和Lee-Sallle指数两个指标的精度评价后,定量分析了新版总规实施后城市形态演化的驱动力。实证研究表明：滨海新区城市形态扩展迅速,驱动力大小依次是自然环境、经济发展、交通带动、城市规划引导;其中交通驱动力中,影响最强烈的依次是火车站、城市的道路、高速出入口、县乡道、航道、省道。因此提出：城市规划必须顺应城市形态发展的规律,把握好可控的关键驱动力,科学预测城市形态发展和提出城市规划方案,做到积极有效的引导城市形态发展。     

Investigation on the Degradation of Natural Heritage of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring at Dunhuang City,China

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to put forward a reasonable idea of the general protection for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring, a rare and unique desert wonder, and of sustainable tourism development based on the research on the ecological environment around. Methods of documentation, case study and comparison were employed. Finally, aiming at solving the problems of natural environment and those existing after the exploitation of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring the author puts forward three measures: the comprehensive treatment for Crescent Moon Spring (broadening resources of water and reducing expenditures, checking the decreasing depth of Crescent Moon Spring, and improving the geographical environment), the general protection envisions for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring and establishing a dynamic monitoring and early-warning system of regional ecosystem.     

Changing institutions for environmental policy and politics in New Era China

ABSTRACT

The evolution of Chinese environmental policy and politics can be better understood in the broader context of institutional changes that have taken place since the late 1970s. In this study, an analytical framework was established to analyze how overall institutional changes were reflected in the roles of relationships between governmental and non-governmental actors engaged in environmental governance. Institutional changes were observed at three levels: informal institutions (cultural traditions, and political ideology); formal institutions (the polity, political system, property rights, and judiciary); and governing mechanisms (structures, regulatory approaches, and incentives). This analysis of interactions between institutional changes and the changing environmental process explained not only the drives and constraints behind China’s environmental policy evolution so far but also shed light on future challenges and opportunities.     

Dancing Stories: A Community Dance Residency in a Hospice in New Zealand

Canoes forging through cold waters, mountains rising from the sea, a heart beating under a mountain lake, an albatross sailing toward the Antarctic: these were the story-images of Coastal Mappings, a large-scale community project set in and around Dunedin, New Zealand. In the Coastal Mappings performance project, people in the last months of their lives joined cancer survivors, family members and other interested people in explorations of Pakeha myths (by European-settler descendents) and Maori myths (by descendents of the crews of the first canoes, first inhabitants of New Zealand). Together, we created personal landscapes through movement, storytelling, photography and video. In this essay, I discuss some of the opportunities, challenges and experiences of leading a community dance project in an intercultural social environment, and with people whose relationship to their environment is different from mine.     

Investigation on the Degradation of Natural Heritage of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring at Dunhuang City, China

The main purpose of this study is to put forward a reasonable idea of the general protection for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring, a rare and unique desert wonder, and of sustainable tourism development based on the research on the ecological environment around. Methods of documentation, case study and comparison were employed. Finally, aiming at solving the problems of natural environment and those existing after the exploitation of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring the author puts forward three measures： the comprehensive treatment for Crescent Moon Spring （broadening resources of water and reducing expenditures, checking the decreasing depth of Crescent Moon Spring, and improving the geographical environment）, the general protection envisions for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring and establishing a dynamic monitoring and early-warning system of regional ecosystem.     

秦淮河流域城镇用地增长格局及其演化机制

利用四期遥感TM数据和GIS技术，通过分析20年秦淮河流域城镇用地增长格局及其演化机制，为流域综合管理和模拟提供重要参数，研究结果表明：①城镇用地增长显示阶段性和空间的不均匀性，增长拐点发生在1994年和2000年，空间上表现出增长“热极”与“热带”；②城镇用地增长阶段性是经济社会过程及驱动因子演化阶段的反映，回归分析显示城镇用地增长与城镇人口、经济总量及开发区发展相关系数高，这归于1992年开发区创建、投资增加与2000年撤县设区驱动的结果；③城镇用地增长格局变化是社会经济物质载体演化的体现，1992年后开发区成为城镇用地增长首要来源，2000年后东山新市区与大学城成为其增长核心和新形式，机场与高速公路网强化对城镇用地的空间导向。研究结果较客观地刻画了城市化格局与过程的演化规律，参数应用与数据精度的提高是今后研究的重点.     

三峡库区地方性氟中毒病区与非病区土壤氟地球化学

巫山、奉节是三峡库区最典型的地方性氟中毒区（简称地氟病区）。利用多目标地球化学调查方法,通过野外实地调查,大面积系统采集土壤深层、表层土壤样品、分析测试、数理统计,探讨了三峡库区沿长江各区县土壤氟含量、典型地氟病区与非病区深层、表层土壤氟的含量特征与差异。发现三峡库区沿长江各区县深、表层土壤氟含量均表现为：巫山＞奉节＞涪陵＞丰都、万州、开县、云阳、忠县、长寿。巫山、奉节表层土壤氟含量分别为全国土壤氟含量均值的2.598倍、1.883倍,丰都等6区县深、表层土壤F含量与全国均值基本相当。各地区表层土壤明显继承了深层土壤氟的地球化学特征。地氟病最严重的巫山县表层土壤氟富集程度最高,而最轻的长寿县表层土壤则表现出明显的氟淋失。地氟病区深层、表层土壤F含量均远高于非病区,土壤F含量与地氟病发病率间具极显著正相关,土壤F含量对发病率具有明显的影响。土壤F与土壤中造岩元素具显著正相关,主要来自于成土母质。     

乐安河水环境现状及其治理措施

根据水文、水质和污染源调查结果,分析了乐安河流域水质的污染现状和综合环境质量,认为CODCr和氨氮是乐安河流域的主要水污染物,畜牧养殖业和城镇居民生活污水是最主要的污染源。根据这些分析,从乐安河流域的水质控制目标出发,提出了以污染源达标排放、筹建生活污水处理厂、控制面源污染、实施生态恢复、加强监控与管理等措施作为乐安河水环境综合治理的对策。     

Study on the Evolution of River Networks during Urbanization since the Development and Opening of Pudong New Area, Shanghai

1 INTORDUCTIONRivers are the artery of the earth surface system; and it isone of the major components of natural environment incities, whose quantity and quality result from the long-time interaction between environment and human activities(Chen Dechao, et al. 2002; Wang Ying, Sheng Jingfen.2002). As a symbol of reform and opening in China,Pudong New Area plays an important role in the economicdevelopment around Yangtze Delta and even all over thecountry. The 14th congress of the Com…     

Evaluation of Biogeographic Classification Schemes for Conservation Planning: Application to New Zealand's Coastal Marine Environment

Abstract:  For many regions worldwide, multiple and often contrasting biogeographic classifications exist that are derived from a variety of taxa and techniques. This presents a challenge for managers who must choose appropriate large-scale spatial frameworks for systematic conservation planning. We demonstrate how systematically collected community data can be used to evaluate existing biogeographic classifications, identify the most appropriate metric for biogeographic patterns seen in other taxonomic groups, and develop an independent biogeographic classification scheme for systematic conservation planning. We evaluated 6 existing biogeographic classifications for New Zealand's nearshore marine environment with community-similarity metrics derived from abundance and presence–absence data for macroalgae (107 species) and mobile macroinvertebrates (44 species). The concordance between community metrics and the previous classifications was high, as indicated by a high multivariate classification success (CS) (74.3–98.3%). Subsequently, we carried out an independent classification analysis on each community metric to identify biogeographic units within a hierarchical spatial framework. The classification derived from macroalgal presence–absence data achieved the highest CS and could be used as a mesoscale classification scheme in which 11 regional groupings (i.e., bioregions) (CS = 73.8–84.8%) are nested within northern and southern biogeographic provinces (CS = 90.3–98.7%). These techniques can be used in systematic conservation planning to inform the design of representative and comprehensive networks of marine protected areas through evaluation of the current coverage of marine reserves in each bioregion. Currently, 0.22% of the territorial sea around mainland New Zealand is protected in no-take marine protected areas in which 0–1.5% of each bioregion represented.