Spatial and Temporal Variations in Trace Metal Concentrations in the Cockle, Austrovenus Stutchburyi from Otago, New Zealand

This is the first comprehensive study of sources of variation in metal concentrations within the whole tissues of a shallow burrowing, filter-feeding intertidal clam, Austrovenus stutchburyi. Samples were collected from 12 sites in April, August, November and February in 1993–1994 in the vicinity of Otago Harbour and Peninsula, New Zealand. Total tissue trace metal concentrations (μg g⁻¹ dry weight) were measured in individual animals for the essential metals : Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni and the non-essential Cr using trace-metal clean acid-digestion and ICP-OAES techniques. Average metal concentrations were 3–60 μg g⁻¹ for Cu, 40–118 μg g⁻¹ for Zn, 2–12 μg g⁻¹ for Mn, 5–35 μg g⁻¹ for Ni and 1–44 μg g⁻¹ for Cr. These levels decreased with body weight and differed amongst sites except for Cr in February (mid-summer). Highest concentrations occurred at sites close to a city (Dunedin) and within the central harbour region although the Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr concentrations did not correlate with the environmental gradient or season. At one coastal site, samples of both the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and cockles gave similar trends in trace metal levels. These results suggest that the cockle could be a useful trace metal biomonitor within NZ estuaries.     

2017年春节前后乌鲁木齐市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染特征、来源分析及健康风险评价

在乌鲁木齐生活区春节前后采集大气PM10和PM2.5样品,采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）进行16种优控多环芳烃（PAHs）质量浓度及组成特征分析,运用特征比值法和毒性当量浓度及终身致癌超额危险度分别进行了来源分析和毒性评价.结果表明,在采样期间乌鲁木齐市生活区大气PM10和PM2.5浓度分别超过了国家二级标准77%和85%,并春季期间平均浓度比除夕前高.PM10和PM2.5中PAHs的浓度分别介于65.98-253.54 ng·m-3、37.68-245.24 ng·m-3之间,PAHs主要以中高环为主,占∑16PAHs的88%.春节期间随着颗粒物浓度的增高,其中PAHs的含量也增高,5-6环PAHs的贡献率减少,3-4环的贡献率增高.来源解析表明,乌鲁木齐大气中PAHs是以燃煤和机动车尾气混合型为主要来源,春节前机动车尾气对PAHs的贡献率大,春节期间机动车的贡献率减少.毒性评价结果表明,乌鲁木齐市冬季样品中∑16PAHs的BaPeq浓度范围为0.0004-10.94 ng·m-3,BaP和DbA的毒性最强,对∑BaPeq的贡献率占70%以上;PM10和PM2.5中∑16PAHs的总ECR分别为2.03×10-3和1.68×10-3,超过国家最大可以接受水平.     

New Zealand drivers study: developing a methodology for conducting a follow-up study of newly licensed drivers

PROBLEM: In recent years, there has been a significant reduction in traffic crash injury among young people, but they continue to be overrepresented in the traffic crash statistics. To improve this situation, sound scientific evidence is needed to develop effective policies and programs. METHOD: The aim of the proposed study is to provide this evidence by examining early driving and driving-related experiences of newly licensed drivers as they progress through the learner-, restricted-, and full-license stages of the graduated licensing system and to determine the impact of these experiences on subsequent negative traffic-related outcomes (risky driving behavior, injury traffic crashes, noninjury traffic crashes, infringements, convictions). Given the size and complexity of the proposed study, a comprehensive pilot study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of conducting a New Zealand-wide cohort study of newly licensed drivers. RESULTS: This article describes the pilot study process and the methodology that has been developed for the New Zealand-wide study.     

基于GPR-TOPSIS方法的充填配比多目标多属性优化

为获得某金矿尾砂胶结充填材料最优配比,基于试验结果,以海水比例、灰砂比和料浆质量浓度为输入参数,以充填体强度、塌落度及泌水率为输出参数,建立了充填配比与其响应量的高斯过程回归模型,分析了不同因素对充填性能的影响程度;采用遗传算法对高斯过程回归模型进行多目标参数优化,获得了Pareto非劣解,在此基础上,引入多属性决策的TOPSIS法对Pareto非劣解进行方案优选,确定了充填最优配比。研究结果表明:高斯过程回归模型相对误差值均小于6%,可靠性高;灰砂比及料浆质量浓度对充填性能影响较为显著,采用海水作为充填水源将降低充填体的强度;经优化后的充填配比与试验结果相符。     

水环境监测信息化新技术的应用分析

随着国民经济的快速发展,我国人民的生活水平和质量也随之而提高,对于生态环境以及居住环境的要求也相应提升。水是万物之源,是保障人们生产生活的基本要素之一,为了有效提升水环境质量,先进的水环境监测技术必不可少。随着科学技术的飞速发展,水环境监测技术也在不断调整和优化,逐渐向信息化方向发展,在生态环境保护工作中发挥着不可替代的作用。本文将详细阐述现阶段我国在水环境监测工作中实施的信息化新技术,希望能为相关研究人员提供参考和借鉴。     

乐安河水体重金属出入河通量探究

在分析乐安河沿程水质的基础上,将乐安河全年按丰水期、平水期、枯水期分别统计进出水量、总重金属及溶解态重金属年出入河通量。结果表明:乐安河总重金属质量浓度及溶解态重金属质量浓度呈先上升后下降趋势,出水水质仍能达到Ⅲ类水质标准;2016年乐安河内新增Cu、Zn、Pb质量分别为36.968 t、51.39 t、0.288 t;乐安河内每年可新增重金属量已逐年减少,大量重金属元素将最终排入鄱阳湖内。     

高风险企业组织安全行为重要度评价

为全面客观地探究高风险企业组织安全行为的组成结构,首先,通过文献回顾及企业调查,将企业组织安全行为详细划分为5个一级指标和18个二级指标;其次,从企业外部和内部环境深入分析影响企业组织安全行为的因素,建立企业组织安全行为综合作用树模型;最后,采用区间Pythagorean模糊集,并结合逼近理想解排序(TOPSIS)交叉熵及多准则妥协解排序(VIKOR)方法,构建多属性安全决策模型,评价多因素条件下的高风险企业组织安全行为决策指标的重要度。结果表明:企业的内、外部环境因素具有综合“光合”作用效应,影响企业组织安全行为的决策水平;企业安全绩效占据企业组织安全行为的首要地位,定期开展职业安全卫生管理为企业安全绩效的首要任务;企业安全文化为次要地位,巩固加强企业精神安全文化建设为其重要目标。     

高喷灌浆加固抛石填海软基

高压旋喷灌浆法是本世纪７０ 年代发展起来的地基处理新技术,在砂性土和粘性土等软弱地层加固工程中已得到广泛应用,但在含有碎石的淤泥质土及穿过它对其下淤泥的加固尚少见,笔者简要介绍了采用钻灌分开两大工序的新双管法及其成功完成加固任务的事例。     

铜陵市义安区农业面源污染现状调查与评价

通过对铜陵市义安区7个乡镇的农田、养殖及农村生活污染源的调查,采用等标污染负荷法进行评价,应用ArcGIS软件作聚类分析,研究该区域农业面源污染来源及其负荷空间特征。结果表明：农业面源污染排放量为3 739.50 t,农村生活、畜禽养殖为重点污染源,其排放量分别为1 705.36 t、1 55855 t,污染负荷分别为45.61%、41.67%。在COD、TN、TP 3个主要评价因子中重点污染物是COD,其次是TN,污染负荷率分别为87.55％、10.95%。在各乡镇中西联镇、天门镇、顺安镇的农业面源污染排放量较高,分别为818.86 t、772.26 t、740.12 t,污染负荷分别为21.90%、20.65%、19.79%。