哈密地区"生态立区"的思考

哈密地区生态环境十分脆弱,森林覆盖率低,草场退化严重,近几年经济发展速度加快,但重开发、轻保护,资源开发和经济增长方式粗放,使生态系统遭到破坏.为坚持科学的发展观,保证地区经济、社会实现可持续发展,哈密地委、行署提出了"生态立区"的发展战略.本文对哈密地区"生态立区"的内涵及实现的途径进行了探讨.     

上海浦东新区土地利用变化及其生态环境效应

上海浦东新区是我国快速城市化的典型地区,尤其1990~2001年,是浦东新区快速城市建设和扩展时期。依据1990、2001年两时相的卫星遥感数据,运用图像处理软件进行监督分类,提取了浦东新区两时相土地利用信息,分析了浦东新区1990~2001年土地利用变化特点和土地利用类型的转化特征,探讨土地利用的变化对生态环境的效应。研究表明：①11年间浦东新区农业用地和水体急剧减少,其中农业用地减少了58.16%,水体减少了 17.4%;②1990~2001年浦东新区城市扩展用地55%由农业用地转化而来,35.26%由水体转化而来;③土地利用的快速变化引发了水资源面积减少、水体污染加重和需水量增加,以及大气污染加重、大气温度上升和地面热中心面积扩大等生态环境问题。     

一种新型的煤气回火安全装置

介绍了一种新型的煤气回火安全装置,说明了它的工作原理,主要参数,工艺结构等,叙述了其研制过程和应用情况。     

北京石景山地区大气中有机污染物特征与成因

对北京石景山地区大气中有机质浓度、各族组成及其饱和烃、多环芳烃的组成和分布特征进行了分析。大气中共检测出40多种多环芳烃,其中很多属于美国国家环保局(EPA)优先控制污染物,以及具有致癌和怀疑有致癌性的多环芳烃。其主要来源于煤的不完全燃烧,也有相当部分来源于汽车尾气的排放。其中煤比石油所造成的污染更为严重。      

自然资源结构在地区产业结构演进中的宏观作用——以环渤海地区为例

在我国产业结构演进的现阶段和今后较长的时期中,地区自然资源结构仍然是影响产业结构的关键因素之一。本文分别从时间、空间和结构等三种尺度,分析了自然资源结构在地区产业结构演进中的宏观作用。主要包括:自然资源结构在产业结构发展不同阶段的作用程度和形式;地区内部区域间自然资源结构的差异性和地区间自然资源结构的互补性对制定地区产业发展总体和区域战略的主要影响;不同自然资源结构形式与产业结构组织的可能性和合理性的相互关系。     

自然资源结构在地区产业结构演进中的宏观作用——以环渤海地区为例

在我国产业结构演进的现阶段和今后较长的时期中,地区自然资源结构仍然是影响产业结构的关键因素之一。本文分别从时间、空间和结构等三种尺度,分析了自然资源结构在地区产业结构演进中的宏观作用。主要包括:自然资源结构在产业结构发展不同阶段的作用程度和形式;地区内部区域间自然资源结构的差异性和地区间自然资源结构的互补性对制定地区产业发展总体和区域战略的主要影响;不同自然资源结构形式与产业结构组织的可能性和合理性的相互关系。     

小直径锥形管成形工艺研究

通过对小直径锥形管的工艺分析 ,介绍了一种成形的工艺方法和措施 ;并就成形、加工模具作了详细说明     

新型厌氧反应器处理生活污水的研究进展

新型高速厌氧反应器的发生使生活污水的厌氧处理成功可能，介绍了几种厌氧反应器的特点及其在生活污水处理中的研究现状。     

The Environmental Effects of New Zealand’s Free-Market Reforms

This paper explains one way in which New Zealand’s free-market reforms have adversely affected its environment. Liberalisation of New Zealand’s economy has radically changed the determinants of agricultural export success, largely due to the elimination of subsidies to domestic producers, and of tariffs on imports. In this exposed agricultural milieu, the dairy industry has thrived; cow numbers have increased by over 50%, with commensurate increases in herd and farm sizes. With this rapid expansion has come increasing pollution of New Zealand’s waterways. New Zealand’s Resource Management Act 1991 is potentially capable of controlling these adverse effects; however, its implementation was slow and piecemeal throughout the 1990s. So, at the same time as production and pollution from dairy farming expanded, the efficacy of environmental policy was limited. The resulting implementation gap has put at risk the ‘clean and green’ image that is an important component of New Zealand’s agricultural export success.Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.     

Comparative Analysis of New Zealand and US Approaches for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Management

The role of the central government in New Zealand is generally limited to research and policy development, and regional councils are responsible for most monitoring and management of the problem. The role of the federal government in the United States includes research and monitoring, policy development, and regulation. States also have a significant management role. Both countries rely on voluntary approaches for NPS pollution management. Very few national water quality standards exist in New Zealand, whereas standards are widely used in the United States. Loading estimates and modeling are often used in the United States, but not in New Zealand. A wide range of best management practices (BMPs) are used in the United States, including buffer strips and constructed/engineered wetlands. Buffer strips and riparian management have been emphasized and used widely in New Zealand. Many approaches are common to both countries, but management of the problem has only been partly successful. The primary barriers are the inadequacy of the voluntary approach and the lack of scientific tools that are useful to decision-makers. More work needs to be performed on the evaluation of approaches developed in both countries that could be applied in the other countries. In addition, more cooperation and information/technology transfer between the two countries should be encouraged in the future.