基于水化学和稳定同位素的白洋淀流域地表水和地下水硝酸盐来源

为探究白洋淀流域生活污水河附近地表水和地下水硝酸盐来源,于2014年7月沿着生活污水纳污河——府河采集地表水和地下水.通过分析水化学和氢氧同位素(δ~2H、δ~(18)O)明确地表水和地下水转化关系,并通过硝酸盐氮(δ~(15)N)同位素确定硝酸盐来源.结果表明,河水来源于城市和农村生活污水,同时受蒸发作用影响.浅层地下水受府河、白洋淀和太行山山区地下水侧向补给.浅层地下水硝酸盐超标(世界卫生组织)率为16.7%.受水体自净能力的影响,府河上游硝酸盐浓度大于下游.受区域水流方向的影响,南岸浅层地下水硝酸盐浓度大于北岸.近河和近淀区域浅层地下水硝酸盐主要来自于地表水.此外,土壤、化肥及其点源污染也是地下水硝酸盐的主要来源.城市和乡村居民生活及农业生产活动影响区域地表水和地下水硝酸盐.     

Crash involvement during the different phases of the New Zealand Graduated Driver Licensing System (GDLS)

Introduction

The New Zealand Graduated Driver Licensing System (GDLS) is designed to allow novice drivers to gain driving experience under conditions of reduced risk.

Method

To examine the effectiveness of the GDLS, an analysis of how the crash involvement of novice drivers changes as drivers move through the GDLS was undertaken. Crash profiles were created by data matching the New Zealand license and crash databases, covering a time period from 1999-2006.

Results

The crash profiles show that the initial learner period of the GDLS is relatively safe and the time at which novice drivers have the highest rate of crash involvement is during the first few months of solo driving. Analysis using logistic regression also showed an effect of age and gender, with higher crash involvement associated with younger drivers and males. In addition, individuals who gained a full license within 12-18 months of holding a restricted license, due to completion of a time-discount associated educational program, had a higher level of involvement in crashes than individuals who gained a full license after 18 months.

Conclusions

The crash profiles provide an insight into the crash risk associated with different phases of the New Zealand GDLS.

Impact on Industry

Increasing the age at which drivers first begin to solo drive and the removal of the time-discount associated with completion of an educational program should be considered.     

Novel microbial fuel cell design to operate with different wastewaters simultaneously

A novel single cathode chamber and multiple anode chamber microbial fuel cell design(MAC-MFC)was developed by incorporating multiple anode chambers into a single unit and its performance was checked.During 60 days of operation,performance of MAC-MFC was assessed and compared with standard single anode/cathode chamber microbial fuel cell(SC-MFC).The tests showed that MAC-MFC generated stable and higher power outputs compared with SC-MFC and each anode chamber contributed efficiently.Further,MAC-MFCs were incorporated with different wastewaters in different anode chambers and their behavior in MFC performance was observed.MAC-MFC efficiently treated multiple wastewaters simultaneously at low cost and small space,which claims its candidature for future possible scale-up applications.     

重庆市黔江区春季大气污染物浓度变化与气象因素关系研究

分析了2015年重庆市黔江城区2个自动监测站点PM10,SO2,NO2,O3日均值和小时均值,结合同期气象因素,对污染物浓度与气象因素进行分析.表明,PM10、SO2、NO2和O3春季平均值呈显著差异,PM10超标6天,SO2,NO2,O3污染水平较低,未超标;PM10、SO2和NO2呈现早晚双峰型,O3呈典型单峰型;风速与SO2和NO2浓度呈负相关,与O3浓度则呈正相关关系,风速较小时,利于PM10浓度降低,当风速达到一定程度,会导致PM10浓度升高;污染物浓度和相对湿度呈明显负相关;降水对大气污染物有削减作用.     

汽车后桥壳轴颈的制造新工艺

介绍了在自动化综合体上精锻汽车后桥壳轴颈的新工艺和综合体的结构.该工艺可显著降低产品成本,节省材料.     

东湖新技术开发区环境现状分析及对策研究

武汉东湖新技术开发区是首批国家新技术产业开发区之一，为了促进开发区的环境与经济的协调发展，加强东湖新技术开发区的环境保护，笔者对东湖新技术开发区环境质量现状进行了调查研究，初步摸清了该区域环境质量状况，指出了目前开发区建设中应重视的环境管理问题，并对开发区的环境保护提出了一些建议，该项研究具有明显的社会和环境效益，对改善武汉市是东湖开发区的投资环境，提高人民生活水平和质量，树立城市新形象有着重要的现实意义。     

新时代我国自然资源综合科学考察研究的挑战与展望

自然资源综合科学考察是基础性科技工作,对于服务国民经济和社会发展具有重要的科技支撑作用。进入21世纪,我国自然资源综合科学考察工作从低谷中逐步复苏,但依然面临科考人才断档、经费支持不足、跨国考察组织艰难、重大成果产出不多等诸多挑战。本文从地域范围、队伍组成、技术手段、成果影响等角度总结了我国综合科学考察工作的最新进展,并展望新时代,提出了我国综合科学考察研究工作的六大发展趋势,包括:从综合科学考察向自然资源综合考察研究转变;考察国际化进程将加快;注重多学科综合考察与宏观微观结合调查;考察技术将更加多样化、智能化和精准化;考察信息数据共享平台支撑能力更加强大;科考人才的培养成为紧迫需求将得到加强。     

环境保护新形势下综合性开发区规划环评工作方法探讨——以江苏省太湖流域的开发区规划环评为例

以灰霾、水质污染等为主要特征的环境问题日益突出,人民群众对蓝天、清水、净土的期盼日益强烈.规划环评作为规划实施前期环境战略安排,能较好地解决长期性、区域性的环境问题.选取江苏省太湖流域一个综合性开发区,以区域环境质量改善作为规划方案合理与否的一个重要准则.通过规划环评引导开发区在维持快速发展的同时进一步减少污染物排放,集约利用资源能源,并基于生态敏感性、适宜性确定合理的开发格局,为开发强度高、现状环境问题较突出的同类开发区规划环评提供借鉴.     

澳门塔石球场小区大气挥发性有机物研究

研究了1998年11月澳门塔石球场小区大气发挥性有机物(VOCs)的总体情况及空间分布。结果表明澳门大气VOCs的主要成分为:甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX),其浓度总量平均值为57.2μg/m3,与世界其他城市相比处于中等偏高。结果还说明地理环境和气象因素对大气VOCs浓度影响很大。      

活性炭纤维吸附—催化燃烧新装置处理有机废气

介绍了一种处理有机废气的吸附一催化燃烧新型装置，以活性炭纤维为吸附剂，结合多单元分流组合式吸附床，采用PLC电脑来实现整个系统的连续运行，实际运行结果表明，对于处理大风量、低浓度的有机废气，该技术与其它技术相比具有净化效率高、节能降耗、自动化水平高等优点。