杭州湾跨海大桥与宁波旅游业的发展

杭州湾跨海大桥是连接以宁波为中心的长三角南翼和长三角中心地区的一条快速、便捷的重要通道。从旅游交通对旅游资源、客源市场和游客决策行为等方面阐述了杭州湾跨海大桥对宁波旅游业的影响：促进长三角地区尤其是沪、甬、杭地区旅游资源和客源市场的优势互补，扩大宁波的客源市场规模和范围，加速宁波市与长三角腹地旅游经济的融合。同时，以这些影响为依据，提出宁波市旅游业的发展对策：完善旅游设施、增强旅游从业人员的素质，提升旅游产业的软硬件水平，加强与长三角主要旅游城市联合，加快旅游产业带的迁移。     

Characterization of particle number size distribution and new particle formation in Southern China

Knowledge of particle number size distribution(PND) and new particle formation(NPF)events in Southern China is essential for mitigation strategies related to submicron particles and their effects on regional air quality,haze,and human health.In this study,seven field measurement campaigns were conducted from December 2013 to May 2015 using a scanning mobility particle sizer(SMPS) at four sites in Southern China,including three urban sites and one background site.Particles were measured in the size range of15-515 nm,and the median particle number concentrations(PNCs) were found to vary in the range of 0.3× 10~4-2.2 × 10~4 cn~(-3) at the urban sites and were approximately 0.2 × 10~4 cm~(-3) at the background site.The peak diameters at the different sites varied largely from 22 to 102 nm.The PNCs in the Aitken mode(25-100 nm) at the urban sites were up to 10 times higher than they were at the background site,indicating large primary emissions from traffic at the urban sites.The diurnal variations of PNCs were significantly influenced by both rush hour traffic at the urban sites and NPF events.The frequencies of NPF events at the different sites were0%-30%,with the highest frequency occurring at an urban site during autumn.With higher SO_2 concentrations and higher ambient temperatures being necessary,NPF at the urban site was found to be more influenced by atmospheric oxidizing capability,while NPF at the background site was limited by the condensation sink.This study provides a unique dataset of particle number and size information in various environments in Southern China,which can help understand the sources,formation,and the climate forcing of aerosols in this quickly developing region,as well as help constrain and validate NPF modeling.     

城区 PM2．5污染成因及防治对策研究

近年来,PM2．5污染形势日趋严峻,不仅对人们的身体健康产生威胁,而且给社会经济发展带来负面影响。通过对昌平区大气污染源排放现状的调查研究,分析了昌平区PM2．5污染的成因,并提出了针对性对策,以期达到明显改善昌平区大气环境质量的目的。     

以环境质量改善为目标的贵安新区生态安全格局构建虚拟

以贵安新区为例,将水环境安全格局与大气环境安全格局纳入城市综合生态安全格局的评价框架;将GIS空间分析技术、ArcSWAT模型、WRF-Chem空气质量模型等进行耦合,对水环境、大气环境、石漠化、生物多样性、自然人文环境以及基本农田等在内的6项生态安全格局因子进行分析;将贵安新区生态安全格局划分为底线、满意和理想3个不同等级,并在此基础上对贵安新区城市扩展方案进行模拟.结果表明,贵安新区底线级生态安全格局面积为215.6km²,满意级生态安全格局面积为473.9km²,理想级生态安全格局面积为828.4km²,分别占贵安新区总面积的11.3%,24.9%和43.6%.生态宜居的城市建设用地面积为179.8km²,生态经济均衡发展模式下城市建设用地面积为708.9km²,经济优先发展模式下城市建设用地面积为1288.9km²,分别占贵安新区总面积的9.5%,37.3%和67.8%.综合生态安全格局的划定可作为一种有力的空间管控手段,以实现城市生态环境保护与宜居城镇的和谐发展.     

武夷山风景名胜区风景廊道时空分异特征及其生态影响

为了解遗产旅游地风景廊道时空变化特征及其生态影响,以武夷山风景名胜区为例,在3S技术支持下,分析了1986年、1997年和2009年风景区建设发展的3个关键时期风景廊道(包括游览步道与行车公路)格局时空变化特征;在样地调查的基础上,构建廊道干扰指数并结合廊道指数探讨廊道对风景区动物、植物及景观环境的影响规律.结果表明:1986年、1997年、2009年风景区风景廊道总长度分别为94.218 km、156.715 km、197.574 km;1986~1997年风景廊道增加以公路为主(增加了64.659 km),而1997~2009年公路增加程度放缓(增加了22.172 km),步道明显增加(增加了18.687 km);1986~2009年间风景区公路建设率从0.31增至0.60,廊道密度从1.34 km/km2增至2.81 km/km2,曲度从1.19增至1.56,不同时期各功能景区风景廊道特征指标各有特点;1986~2009年风景区线点率、连通度和环通度均呈现增加趋势,风景区网络结构趋于复杂,山北景区尤为明显,2009年山北景区的线点率(1.387)、连通度(0.494)及环通度(0.228)均为各景区最大;步道长度、曲度、密度、公路建设率与垃圾量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、植物Simpson多样性指数、植物均匀度指数(E2)、景观重要值存在显著相关关系,而网络结构指标与生态环境指标不相关.最后对武夷山风景名胜区风景廊道进行功能分区,并就各分区提出规划设计要点与建议.     

The ethics and politics of the caged layer hen debate in New Zealand

Changes in attitudes toward animal welfare, with a greater emphasis on the importance of allowing animals to express normal patterns of behavior has led to an examination of the practice of keeping hens in battery cages. There is widespread scientific consensus that the conditions of confinement and the barren nature of battery cages severely restrict hens’ behavioral repertoire, and are thus detrimental to their welfare. The New Zealand Animal Welfare Act 1999, stipulates that animals must have “the opportunity to display normal patterns of behaviour.” In spite of this provision, the New Zealand government has not acted in phasing out battery cages, arguing instead that there is insufficient evidence that welfare will be improved by a phase-out. There is evidence of strong industry pressure on the government, and the use of tactics common in policy considerations where changes are resisted by powerful interests. It is important that policy processes are better managed so that welfare changes are based on both public preferences and scientific knowledge, and ways of doing this are discussed.     

新世纪企业环境战略研究

介绍了环境营销的定义，开展环境营销的必要性及其给企业和社会带来的好处，指出在新世纪，为了实现可持续发展，企业不仅要做好自身的污染防治工作，更应变被动为主动，选择环境营销导向，从战略的高度来审视企业的环境活动和行为，并对企业进行重新组织，同时本文还对企业建立环境营销战略的具体环境行为作了进一步探讨。     

保定市区主要交通干道环境空气污染状况分析研究

利用保定市2013年7月份监测站点位大气环境监测统计数据,对保定市主要交通干道环境质量状况进行分析,结果表明,二氧化硫的日变化呈单峰分布,在中午12:00左右出现峰值,最低值出现在凌晨5:00。氮氧化物及一氧化碳的日变化呈现双峰型变化规律,早晨8:00左右出现第一个峰值,分别在下午15:00和17:00左右达到最低值,夜间19:00左右出现第二个峰值。说明交通干道两侧区域的二氧化硫、氮氧化物、一氧化碳的浓度变化与机动车流量之间存在一定的关系。     

澳门塔石球场小区大气挥发性有机物研究

研究了1998年11月澳门塔石球场小区大气发挥性有机物(VOCs)的总体情况及空间分布。结果表明澳门大气VOCs的主要成分为:甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX),其浓度总量平均值为57.2μg/m3,与世界其他城市相比处于中等偏高。结果还说明地理环境和气象因素对大气VOCs浓度影响很大。      

德州灌区地表水中溶解态痕量金属的空间分布及来源研究

以黄河下游德州引黄灌区主要水系为研究对象,采集了灌区内36个地表水样,分析了水体中溶解态痕量金属元素Ba、Fe、Li、Mn、Sr、Zn和非金属元素B的含量及其污染状况.借助于空间分析与相关性分析,探讨了其空间分布及来源.结果表明,这几种元素含量的大小顺序为:Sr﹥B﹥Ba﹥Mn﹥Li﹥Fe﹥Zn.根据国家生活饮用水卫生标准(GB5749—2006)和美国环境保护局(EPA)饮用水标准,B、Fe、Mn的超标率分别为50%、2.78%、27.78%.变异系数结果表明各元素都具有显著的空间差异性.漳卫新河B、Fe、Li、Mn含量均最高,重金属污染较为严重.相关性分析结果表明,Li-B、Li-Fe、Li-Mn及Fe-Mn之间呈显著相关,说明这几种元素污染源可能相同.本研究为评价痕量金属污染对地表水环境及人类健康的影响提供科学依据.