Characterization of particle number size distribution and new particle formation in Southern China

Knowledge of particle number size distribution(PND) and new particle formation(NPF)events in Southern China is essential for mitigation strategies related to submicron particles and their effects on regional air quality,haze,and human health.In this study,seven field measurement campaigns were conducted from December 2013 to May 2015 using a scanning mobility particle sizer(SMPS) at four sites in Southern China,including three urban sites and one background site.Particles were measured in the size range of15-515 nm,and the median particle number concentrations(PNCs) were found to vary in the range of 0.3× 10~4-2.2 × 10~4 cn~(-3) at the urban sites and were approximately 0.2 × 10~4 cm~(-3) at the background site.The peak diameters at the different sites varied largely from 22 to 102 nm.The PNCs in the Aitken mode(25-100 nm) at the urban sites were up to 10 times higher than they were at the background site,indicating large primary emissions from traffic at the urban sites.The diurnal variations of PNCs were significantly influenced by both rush hour traffic at the urban sites and NPF events.The frequencies of NPF events at the different sites were0%-30%,with the highest frequency occurring at an urban site during autumn.With higher SO_2 concentrations and higher ambient temperatures being necessary,NPF at the urban site was found to be more influenced by atmospheric oxidizing capability,while NPF at the background site was limited by the condensation sink.This study provides a unique dataset of particle number and size information in various environments in Southern China,which can help understand the sources,formation,and the climate forcing of aerosols in this quickly developing region,as well as help constrain and validate NPF modeling.     

北碚区气溶胶光学厚度特征及其与颗粒物浓度的相关性

为了解重庆市北碚区大气质量状况,利用其2014年气溶胶光学厚度和颗粒物质量浓度的同步观测结果进行分析.结果表明,北碚区AOD_(500 nm)的年均值为1.46±0.69,其随月份变化明显,其中11月最高为2.90±1.85, 9月最低为0.54±0.05.北碚区存在颗粒物污染的现象,PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的年均值分别为(62±40)μg·m~(-3)和(94±51)μg·m~(-3),均超出GB 3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准限值,PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)的日均值超标率分别为26%和15%.细粒子PM_(2.5)与可吸入颗粒物PM_(10)浓度之间呈现显著性相关,全年决定系数R~2能够达到0.95(P0.01),AOD与PM_(2.5)、 PM_(10)之间全年均呈正相关特性,全年决定系数R~2分别为0.48和0.46,且不同季节下的决定系数和相关函数均有差异,其中冬季相关性最好,夏季相关性最差.全年AOD与AQI呈正相关特性,决定系数R~2为0.15(P0.05).AOD值受天气要素综合作用的影响,观测期间也应将温度、湿度、水汽等要素数据进行同步采集.     

德州灌区地表水中溶解态痕量金属的空间分布及来源研究

以黄河下游德州引黄灌区主要水系为研究对象,采集了灌区内36个地表水样,分析了水体中溶解态痕量金属元素Ba、Fe、Li、Mn、Sr、Zn和非金属元素B的含量及其污染状况.借助于空间分析与相关性分析,探讨了其空间分布及来源.结果表明,这几种元素含量的大小顺序为:Sr﹥B﹥Ba﹥Mn﹥Li﹥Fe﹥Zn.根据国家生活饮用水卫生标准(GB5749—2006)和美国环境保护局(EPA)饮用水标准,B、Fe、Mn的超标率分别为50%、2.78%、27.78%.变异系数结果表明各元素都具有显著的空间差异性.漳卫新河B、Fe、Li、Mn含量均最高,重金属污染较为严重.相关性分析结果表明,Li-B、Li-Fe、Li-Mn及Fe-Mn之间呈显著相关,说明这几种元素污染源可能相同.本研究为评价痕量金属污染对地表水环境及人类健康的影响提供科学依据.     

城区 PM2．5污染成因及防治对策研究

近年来,PM2．5污染形势日趋严峻,不仅对人们的身体健康产生威胁,而且给社会经济发展带来负面影响。通过对昌平区大气污染源排放现状的调查研究,分析了昌平区PM2．5污染的成因,并提出了针对性对策,以期达到明显改善昌平区大气环境质量的目的。     

青岛市城阳区饮用水源地现状及保护对策研究

水是人类生活和生产不可缺少的基本物质。保护水资源,特别是保护好饮用水源,就是保护人类自身的生存与发展。文章通过对青岛市城阳区主要饮用水源地水质现状的分析,发现城阳区水源地水质基本符合饮用水源水质要求,但存在营养盐总氮、总磷超标现象。进一步对青岛市城阳区饮用水源地现有的保护措施及存在的问题进行探讨,结合城阳区实际情况提出了保障饮用水源地安全的主要对策与建议:加大宣传、建立机制、编制规划、加强监测、严格标准。     

以环境质量改善为目标的贵安新区生态安全格局构建虚拟

以贵安新区为例,将水环境安全格局与大气环境安全格局纳入城市综合生态安全格局的评价框架;将GIS空间分析技术、ArcSWAT模型、WRF-Chem空气质量模型等进行耦合,对水环境、大气环境、石漠化、生物多样性、自然人文环境以及基本农田等在内的6项生态安全格局因子进行分析;将贵安新区生态安全格局划分为底线、满意和理想3个不同等级,并在此基础上对贵安新区城市扩展方案进行模拟.结果表明,贵安新区底线级生态安全格局面积为215.6km²,满意级生态安全格局面积为473.9km²,理想级生态安全格局面积为828.4km²,分别占贵安新区总面积的11.3%,24.9%和43.6%.生态宜居的城市建设用地面积为179.8km²,生态经济均衡发展模式下城市建设用地面积为708.9km²,经济优先发展模式下城市建设用地面积为1288.9km²,分别占贵安新区总面积的9.5%,37.3%和67.8%.综合生态安全格局的划定可作为一种有力的空间管控手段,以实现城市生态环境保护与宜居城镇的和谐发展.     

Action research and residential waste minimisation in Palmerston North,New Zealand

This research adds an action research approach to mixed methods to understand the drivers and barriers to residential waste minimisation in Palmerston North, New Zealand. While local, national, and global structural barriers persisted outside the participants’ immediate control, action research enhanced waste minimisation practices within the limits of these structural barriers. The reflexive and collaborative principles of action research allowed research participants to identify individualised needs and challenges. Thus, the research proceeded according to the participants’ circumstances. Some of the key drivers included a sense of accountability, active learning, social support, convenience, affordability, and access to information and resources. The participants also offered recommendations to the City Council, producers, and policy-makers to enhance residential waste minimisation in Palmerston North. While the value-action gap persists in purely quantitative waste research seeking to understand and change waste behaviour, action research was beneficial as it added a more nuanced understanding of participants’ waste behaviours. It also contextualised waste-related practices and attitudes in a specific locale.     

2016-2020年珠海市金湾区集中式饮用水水源地环境质量变化特征

根据2016-2020年珠海市金湾区集中式饮用水水源地的监测数据,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法和综合营养状态指数法对金湾区黄绿背水库、爱国水库和木头冲水库环境质量变化趋势及特征进行分析评价.结果表明,2016年3个水库的综合污染指数最高,水质最差,超标因子为总磷,除了 2016年黄绿背水库超出《地表水环境质量标准》...