氮磷在塘-湿地组合生态系统中的去除机制研究

采用多种形式的塘和湿地组合生态工艺完善传统的生态塘和湿地系统,能实现系统处理环境的多样化,提升对氮、磷的去除效能。对山东某组合生态处理系统的研究表明,组合生态处理系统能够有效提升对氮、磷营养物的去除效果。各生态单元水环境的差异影响着氮和磷的主导去除机制,使氮、磷表现出不同的季节去除规律。其中氮的去除主要依靠生物的硝化反硝化作用。底泥中的磷按照Fe-P>OPalk>Al-P>Ca-P>OPres逐渐变为Ca-P>Fe-P>Al-P>OPalk>OPres,与磷共沉降逐渐成为的主导去除机制。     

石化工业园区污水处理工程实例

田东石化工业园区污水处理工程设计规模为5000m3／a,采用水解酸化＋A／O工艺,该工艺对工业园区污水处理效果好,运行稳定。出水水质优于《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）一级标准,完全满足排入右江的要求。污水处理运行成本1．13元／m^3。     

Trophic State in Voyageurs National Park Lakes before and after Implementation of a Revised Water‐Level Management Plan

We compiled Secchi depth, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a (Chla) data from Voyageurs National Park lakes and compared datasets before and after a new water‐level management plan was implemented in January 2000. Average Secchi depth transparency improved (from 1.9 to 2.1 m, p = 0.020) between 1977‐1999 and 2000‐2011 in Kabetogama Lake for August samples only and remained unchanged in Rainy, Namakan, and Sand Point Lakes, and Black Bay in Rainy Lake. Average open‐water season Chla concentration decreased in Black Bay (from an average of 13 to 6.0 μg/l, p = 0.001) and Kabetogama Lake (from 9.9 to 6.2 μg/l, p = 0.006) between 1977‐1999 and 2000‐2011. Trophic state index decreased significantly in Black Bay from 59 to 51 (p = 0.006) and in Kabetogama Lake from 57 to 50 (p = 0.006) between 1977‐1999 and 2000‐2011. Trophic state indices based on Chla indicated that after 2000, Sand Point, Namakan, and Rainy Lakes remained oligotrophic, whereas eutrophication has decreased in Kabetogama Lake and Black Bay. Although nutrient inputs from inflows and internal sources are still sufficient to produce annual cyanobacterial blooms and may inhibit designated water uses, trophic state has decreased for Kabetogama Lake and Black Bay and there has been no decline in lake ecosystem health since the implementation of the revised water‐level management plan.     

Particulate matter assessment of a wetland in Beijing

To increase the knowledge on the particulate matter of a wetland in Beijing, an experimental study on the concentration and composition of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 was implemented in Beijing Olympic Forest Park from 2013 to 2014. This study analyzed the meteorological factors and deposition fluxes at different heights and in different periods in the wetlands. The results showed that the mean mass concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were the highest at 06:00–09:00 and the lowest at 15:00–18:00. And the annual concentration of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in the wetland followed the order of dry period (winter) > normal water period (spring and autumn) > wet period (summer), with the concentration in the dry period significantly higher than that in the normal water and wet periods. The chemical composition of PM_2.5 in the wetlands included NH₄⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, Mg^2 +, SO₄^2 −, NO₃⁻, and Cl⁻, which respectively accounted for 12.7%, 1.0%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 46.6%, 33.2%, and 5.1% of the average annual composition. The concentration of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in the wetlands had a significant positive correlation with relative humidity, a negative correlation with wind speed, and an insignificant negative correlation with temperature and radiation. The daily average dry deposition amount of PM₁₀ in the different periods followed the order of dry period > normal water period > wet period, and the daily average dry deposition amount of PM_2.5 in the different periods was dry period > wet period > normal water period.     

我国工业园区环境管理问题及管控方法的研究进展

我国工业园区的发展道路上充满了对环境破坏和资源滥用的争议,工业背景下的污染事件层出不穷,如何做到经济与环保统筹兼顾迫在眉睫。本文整理了我国工业园环境管理主要存在的几大问题——规划布局问题、环境管理问题、环境污染问题、预警监测问题及公众环保意识问题并从模式创新和科技支撑两个角度介绍了目前主流的工业园环境管控对策。最后在此基础上对未来园区的发展方向进行展望,以期为后续有关工业园环境风险管控的研究提供参考。     

Nitrate removal to its fate in wetland mesocosm filled with sponge iron: Impact of influent COD/N ratio

• CW-Fe allowed a high-performance of NO₃^‒-N removal at the COD/N ratio of 0. • Higher COD/N resulted in lower chem-denitrification and higher bio-denitrification. • The application of s-Fe⁰ contributed to TIN removal in wetland mesocosm. • s-Fe⁰ changed the main denitrifiers in wetland mesocosm. Sponge iron (s-Fe⁰) is a porous metal with the potential to be an electron donor for denitrification. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using s-Fe⁰ as the substrate of wetland mesocosms. Here, wetland mesocosms with the addition of s-Fe⁰ particles (CW-Fe) and a blank control group (CW-CK) were established. The NO₃^‒-N reduction property and water quality parameters (pH, DO, and ORP) were examined at three COD/N ratios (0, 5, and 10). Results showed that the NO₃^‒-N removal efficiencies were significantly increased by 6.6 to 58.9% in the presence of s-Fe⁰. NH₄⁺-N was mainly produced by chemical denitrification, and approximately 50% of the NO₃^‒-N was reduced to NH₄⁺-N, at the COD/ratio of 0. An increase of the influent COD/N ratio resulted in lower chemical denitrification and higher bio-denitrification. Although chemical denitrification mediated by s-Fe⁰ led to an accumulation of NH₄⁺-N at COD/N ratios of 0 and 5, the TIN removal efficiencies increased by 4.5%‒12.4%. Moreover, the effluent pH, DO, and ORP values showed a significant negative correlation with total Fe and Fe (II) (P<0.01). High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that Trichococcus (77.2%) was the most abundant microorganism in the CW-Fe mesocosm, while Thauera, Zoogloea, and Herbaspirillum were the primary denitrifying bacteria. The denitrifiers, Simplicispira, Dechloromonas, and Denitratisoma, were the dominant bacteria for CW-CK. This study provides a valuable method and an improved understanding of NO₃^‒-N reduction characteristics of s-Fe⁰ in a wetland mesocosm.     

Macrophyte species composition and structure along littoral region in relation to limnological variables of a tropical wetland ecosystem

The composition and structure of macrophyte communities of the littoral region of Bhindawas wetland (India) was investigated. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) if limnological variables such as water chemistry and soil parameters are important determinants of species composition and abundance and (2) what is the variance in species richness and composition within the wetland. Twenty-eight macrophyte species belonging to 17 different families were identified with relatively low species diversity and richness (H′?=?2.09; Margalef index?=?1.12). Eichhornia crassipes, attained the highest relative frequency (22.69%), followed by Salvinia natans, Paspalum paspaloides, Phragmites karka, Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus alopecuroides. The first and second axis of CCA ordination explained 38.4% and 28.5% of the total variance of species–limnological variables relationship, respectively. Water-related variables (dissolved oxygen, pH and nitrate concentration) and soil nutrient factors (soil carbon and phosphorus levels) were significantly correlated to macrophyte distribution. Sampling sites formed two distinct groups based on cluster analysis, indicating varying ecological conditions. Generally, composition and abundance of macrophytes evince highly productive nature of the lake, while dominance of invasive species like E. crassipes and S. natans indicates high influence of increased nutrient levels and anthropogenic activities in the catchment on lake macrophyte composition.     

循环型旅游景区规划研究——以南京中山陵园风景区为例

从循环型旅游的内涵入手,结合中山陵园风景区旅游业的现状、特色和优势等,提出景区循环型旅游建设的目标及主要发展模式,并在此指导下就其环境功能分区、环境容量、生活垃圾、生态厕所、水环境、大气环境、周边环境等7个方面进行初步规划,最后提出了保障措施与建议,促使景区可持续发展。     

南山国家森林公园人工森林植被调查及区系研究

对南山国家森林公园主要植被物种资源进行调查和区系结构研究。结果表明,南山国家森林公园森林覆盖率达73%,自然生态系统中目前已知的高等植物(藻菌、苔藓、地衣除外)共计有74科、251属、340种。构成镇江市区各类植被的优势成分共有约27种,其中东亚分布的种占55.6%,热带分布为主的植物占7.4%,连同东亚分布以及我国特有热带、亚热带分布为主的成分,一起可达88.9%。南山国家森林公园植被在区系组成上具有明显的亚热带特点,同时也反映出一定的过渡性,与江苏省森林木本植物区系分布特点基本一致。     

豫东黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区现状调查及生态保护规划

对豫东黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区现状进行了调查,并提出了生态保护规划。